1. Chapter 3
Kinds Of Law

2. How did Our Law Develop? English Common Law: Our Legal Heritage
Common Law: United States Legal System – led to judge made law / case law
Magna Carta: Provided protection against unreasonable acts by kings in 1215.
Roman Civil Law: Body of regulations imposed by emperors of ancient Rome.

4. Equity Equity: Alternative to the Common Law
Money Damages: A court-ordered payment by the defendant to the plaintiff.
Specific Performance: Completion of an agreement as promised
Injunction: Order of a court to do or not to do a specified thing
Equity: Form of justice administered when there is no suitable remedy available in common law courts

5. Types of Laws at each level
Constitutions: documents define the fundamental laws of our country and each state (same for cities / counties)
Statutes: laws enacted by our elected reps at the federal / state level. Local level = ordinances.
Administrative regulations: laws created by administrative agencies at fed., state, and local levels.
Case law: This is the law stated by judges in court opinions.

6. What Types of Law do we Have Today?
Constitutional Law
Allocates Powers
between the people and their government
between state governments and the federal government
among the branches of the governments
Rights that protect people from government action
Freedom of religion
Freedom of speech, press, and peaceable assembly
Security in person and property against unreasonable searches and seizures

7. Kinds of Law-Constitutional
Right to remain silent if accused of a crime and to enjoy a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment if convicted of a crime
Right to fair compensation for private property taken by the government for a public purpose
Protection from the taking of life, liberty, or property with out due process of law
Interstate Commerce: between two or more states
Intrastate Commerce: occurs with in one state

8. Kinds of Law-Statute-Admin.
Statutory Law
Statutes: law enacted by a state or federal legislature
Ordinance: statutory law created by a town, city, or county
Administrative Law
Administrative Agencies: government bodies formed to carry out particular laws
Administrative Laws (rules and regulations): created by administrative agencies to which legislative powers have been given by legislatures

9. Kinds of Law-Case Case Law Case Law: law created by appellate courts
Appellate Review: Review of the results of a trial by a higher court
Stare Decisis: the principle that new cases must be decided in ways consistent with prior case law

10. The Purposes of Law
To influence, establish, and enforce standards of conduct of business transactions
To provide for the recognition & protection of individual rights.
To provide ways of avoiding and, if necessary settling conflicts.
To promote justice & provide for the general welfare

11. Which Type of Law is valid when law Conflict?
Supremacy: supreme power or authority
Constitutions and Validity
Unconstitutional: invalid because in conflict with a constitution
Federal, state, and local constitutions are void when conflicted with the federal Constitution
Statutes and Validity
Constitutional: Fitting within the scope of powers delegated by the state
Courts determine the constitutionality of the statutes and ordinances

12. Validity Administrative Regulations and Validity Case Law and Validity
Courts determine the validity
Case Law and Validity
Legislative bodies have the power to nullify a court’s interpretation of its statute or ordinance by abolishing or rewriting it

13. How do Criminal and Civil Laws Differ?
Civil Law: Refers to wrongs against individual persons
Liable: When the defendant must pay money to the plaintiff
Criminal Law: Law concerned with public wrongs against the society

14. How do Procedural and Substantive Law Differ?
Procedural Law: Rules for enforcement of legal rights and duties
Substantive Law: Rules that define legal rights and duties

15. What is Business Law?
Business Law: Rules that apply to business situations and transactions
Torts: Private wrongs against people or organizations
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC): A large set of business statutes which simplified, clarified, and modernized many laws relating to commercial transactions

16. THE END