2. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Chapter 2 Writing Process

3. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Today’s Objectives: By the end of this lecture students will be able to: Apply writing process in their writing

4. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim The Writing Process Steps in Writing an Essay Pre-Writing Planning and Organizing Drafting Revising and Editing Final Draft! Publishing

5. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Introduction What is the writing process ? Writing an essay takes time. That’s why writing is often referred to as a process. In other words, there are several steps to go through before you have a complete essay ready to turn in for a grade. In this lesson we will talk about those steps. They are: Pre-Writing Pre-Writing Organizing Organizing Drafting Drafting Revising and Editing Revising and Editing Handing in a Final Copy Handing in a Final Copy Publishing Publishing

6. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Pre-Writing Step One Pre-writing literally means, “before writing.” Before you actually begin writing your essay, you will need to do the following things:  brainstorm or generate ideas for your topic  choose a topic to write on  focus in on central ideas

7. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Step 1: PreWriting Find your Inspiration! Determine your most useful form to PreWrite (lists, mapping, webbing, graphic organizers, etc.)

8. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Organizing Step Two Making an outline can help you organize what you want to write. This is a rough plan for your essay and can help make the process of writing much easier. Essay Outline I.IntroductionThesis: _____________________ II.Body1. Topic Sentence: _____________ - supporting idea - supporting idea2. Topic Sentence: ____________ - supporting idea 3. Topic Sentence: ____________ - supporting idea III.Conclusion

9. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Drafting Step Three After getting ideas and making an outline of your essay, it is time to start writing the essay. When you begin writing your rough draft, try to remember the following guidelines. Don’t worry about writing the ‘perfect’ paper the first time. Your goal in writing a rough draft is to develop and support the ideas listed in your outline. Don’t focus on spelling and grammar as you write your rough draft. You can check this later in the writing process.

10. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim March 23, 2007 Kristi Hartley Taylor County Middle School Step 3: Writing Select your writing ideas from your PreWriting Exercise. Write, Write, Write! Have you completed your thoughts through your writing? Steps

11. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Revising and Editing Step Four After you write your first draft, go back over it and look for ways to improve your essay in content and organization. This step is called revision. After you revise for content and organization, begin editing your draft for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure errors. Content and Organization Spelling, Grammar, Punctuation, etc. RevisionEditing

12. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim March 23, 2007 Kristi Hartley Taylor County Middle School Step 4: Revising A.R.R.R. – Adding – Rearranging – Removing – Replacing Adding: Is there any other information that the reader needs to know? Rearranging: Is the information presented in the most logical order? Removing: Are there any unnecessary details? Replacing: Could I change anything to make my expressions stronger?

13. Step 5: Editing Self Editing Peer Editing Spelling Capitalization Punctuation Grammar Sentence Structure Subject/Verb Agreement Word Usage

14. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim The Final Copy Step Five The last step is turning in your essay to be graded. Look at the guidelines below for turning in the final draft of your essay.  word-processed  all new paragraphs indented five spaces  8 ½ by 11 inch white paper  double spaced, size 12 font  one inch margins on all sides

15. Communication Skills Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Evaluation Now, you are ready to review what you’ve learned. Click on the button below to return to Unit A. Do the interactive exercise. Then click on the essay rubric link to see how your essay will be evaluated.

16. March 23, 2007 Kristi Hartley Taylor County Middle School Step 6: Publishing Blue or black ink or word processor. Center title on top line with a line space that follows. Name, class, and date in top right hand corner. Double spaced Neat- no scribbles or overuse of liquid paper. Staple in top left hand corner. Include a copy of rubric for grading. Steps