1. Secondary sources data and statistics November 2009 Susan Mowers

2. Computer login: user name: your uottawa email prefix, e.g., smowe021 password : yyddmmxx Presentation (with links): http://gsg.uottawa.ca/data/AAApresentation.ppt CRM 6325

3. Outline 1) Secondary data in Research –Why use secondary data? –Library at your service: secondary data and statistics –And when should I use secondary data or statistics…? –How reliable are the statistics / data? 2) Using StatCan DLI secondary sources –Demographic/community statistics –Criminal justice statistics Juristat and related sources CCJS statistical tables –Secondary data from Odesi DLI and ICPSR data collections Five easy steps (GSS cycle 18) in Odesi –Secondary data in SPSS From Odesi to SPSS D a t a

4. Why use secondary data? Use data to test your research hypothesis: Does your hypothesis hold up …or not? What do the following data say about your hypothesis… –DEMOGRAPHIC context : WHO ? Your populations and communities WHAT IS HAPPENING? social and historical trends –Data on CRIME in society WHAT IS HAPPENING ? Crime indicators –WHERE is it happening? Putting together geography, crime and socio-economic indicators CRM 6325

5. Welcome to Data Services CRM 6325 DATA @ The library GSG Geographic, Statistical and Government Info Centre smowers@uottawa.ca Morisset Library (third floor) and data via …

6. GSG data services We help … find data, statistics and documentation with technical support on using data and statistics with computerized mapping (GIS) support provide statistical and GIS software in Morisset 308 with tools and training on using data CRM 6325

7. When to use secondary data? Secondary data? Use data from many hundreds or thousands of observations for statistical analysis. Statistics? Statistics are a presentation-ready form of data. Use statistics for evidence to support descriptive statements about crime in society What’s the difference between data and statistics? www.biblio.uottawa.ca : Search  Subject  Data and Statisticswww.biblio.uottawa.ca CRM 6325

9. Why are secondary data important? “Data are unlike other tools of the research endeavour. They provide the raw material from which information and knowledge can be created. By their nature, data allow for exploration of topics of interest to the researcher. Unlike printed [or statistical] tables which, like a postcard, provide a picture of one view of a larger phenomenon, data can act as a camera, allowing the researcher to manipulate the background, change the foreground and more fully investigate the object under study.” Watkins, Wendy, and Ernie Boyko, "Data Liberation and Academic Freedom" Government Information in Canada/Information gouvernementale au Canada 3, no. 2 (1996). [http://www.usask.ca/library/gic/v3n2/watkins2/watkins2.html]http://www.usask.ca/library/gic/v3n2/watkins2/watkins2.html 9 Research Data Management Seminar, November 10, 2009

10. CRM 6325 Statistics can be presented in many ways, as… - a table of numbers, - a few numbers in an article or Web site,, - a graph, * * see Graph types and …Graph types

11. CRM 6325 Are there any statistics on your Topic? Check official sources – they publish a lot of statistics! Note, the United Nations is not a recognized source for crime statistics … instead go to the country’s national statistical agency, In Canada, who is our national statistical agency…. The Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) provides extensive data and statistics from the many hundreds of surveys carried out by our national statistical agency

12. CRM 6325 Criteria for evaluating Statistical Sources Who is collecting the data? –What is their reputation for accuracy and objectivity ? Can you review their data and methodology? Does the provider make this information available? Who is the sponsor of the data collection? –What is their agenda? E.g., a political party, Elections Canada, or a car manufacturer all have specific agendas affecting “the message” and “the data”

13. CRM 6325 Where to go for Data? CHECK OUT THESE TWO PUBLIC SOURCES FOR HOMICIDE STATISTICS… 1)http://www.nraila.org/Issues/Articles/Read.aspx?ID=72http://www.nraila.org/Issues/Articles/Read.aspx?ID=72 2)http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/081023/d081023a.htmhttp://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/081023/d081023a.htm Who collected the data? How was the data collected (methodology…)? Who sponsored the collection &/or publication? What was the sponsor’s mandate?

14. CRM 6325 *All information in this table dated before 1993 comes from the U.N. Demographic Yearbooks for 1993 and 1992. All information dated 1993 and thereafter comes from a draft study prepared for the U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice`s Vienna Session 28 April-9 May, 1997, except: a) the U.S. homicide figure comes from FBI preliminary data for 1996, and b) the Swiss homicide and suicide rates come from the Swiss national police. Good luck with the fine print…!

15. CRM 6325

17. Using statistics for the first time…? 1) Writing with Statistics by Reuben Ternes. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/672/01/ Summary: This handout explains how to write with statistics including quick tips, writing descriptive statistics, writing inferential statistics, and using visuals with statistics. “In the casual sense, a statistic is any number that describes a group of objects.” 2) Introduction to the practice of statistics / David S. Moore, George P. McCabe and Bruce Craig. MRT Reserve - MRT circulation desk QA 276.12.M65 2009 3) http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/power/toc/contents.htm Assistance for getting the most from statistics.

18. CRM 6325 Where to find statistics? –Know the official agency site

19. CRM 6325 ARE THERE STATISTICS ON YOUR TOPIC? (A) impact of violent crime, (B) child abuse and its impact … via two basic sources from Statistics Canada… Juristat Annual statistical reports on crime, homicide, impaired driving, justice system AND additional special topics of interest. The Daily News stories on Canada's latest socioeconomic and health trends, including backfiles to 1995

20. CRM 6325 Survey for numbers on… TOPIC A : Impact of violent crime on victims ? SOURCE: Juristat: Browse publications onpublications on Crime and justice and from list of “pubns”, select … Juristat FOR Juristat TOPIC ABOVE* (hint, “2007”) Looking for Statistics FIND ANSWERS … -- What is the source? What is the youngest age covered? - How current is this information? How long did it take from year of data collection to Publication of this article?

21. CRM 6325 Survey for numbers on… TOPIC B : Child abuse and neglect and its impact SOURCE: The Daily: 1) Go to The Daily,The Daily 2) Type child abuse then click the Search The Daily button, 3) Select “The Daily, Thursday, June 28, 2001. Family violence: focus on child abuse and children at risk” Looking for statistics ROW 3 -- Would you say there are statistics on the impact of child abuse based on this article in The Daily? ROW 4 – At bottom of article, Click on the cited “Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile 2001 (85-224-XIE”. Would you say there are statistics on the impact of child abuse based on this Statistical profile?

22. CRM 6325 TOPIC A) What is the source for these statistical findings? (or what is the “GSS”?)

23. CRM 6325 TOPIC B) Sight and zero in takes a couple of steps… And click on… at end of article This 2001 profile has extensive statistics on child abuse and neglect

24. CRM 6325 Crime and Justice sources From Surveys (“samples” of population) General Social Survey, Victimization National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth Ethnic Diversity Survey Aboriginal Peoples Survey International Youth Survey (in Canada, Toronto) http://www.statcan.ca/cgi-bin/spider/dli.cgi DLI Contact: Smowers@uottawa.ca From Administrative data (“all” population) (Uniform Crime Report, Homicide Survey, Vital statistics…) Background socio-economic information Census of Population (“all” population)

25. CRM 6325 WHERE TO Look (we have used …) Statistics Canada and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) The Daily (popular media audience)The Daily Regular publications e.g., JuristatRegular publications Juristat Statistical tables – (1) Profile series (index page) andProfile series (index page) (2) Justice tables (more advanced)Justice tables Analytical studies, including Crime and Justice Research Series (index). Search Analytical studies by topicCrime and Justice Research Series (index)Analytical studies by topic Justice Canada (A-Z subject list: see Research and Statistics Reports)A-Z subject listResearch and Statistics Reports National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) – U.S., also internationalNational Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD)international United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

26. CRM 6325 WHERE TO LOOK (Note also…) Statistics Canada and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) The Daily (popular media audience)The Daily Regular publications e.g., JuristatRegular publications Juristat Statistical tables – (1) Profile series (index page) andProfile series (index page) (2) Justice tables (more advanced)Justice tables Analytical studies, including Crime and Justice Research Series (index). Search Analytical studies by topicCrime and Justice Research Series (index)Analytical studies by topic Justice Canada (A-Z subject list: see Research and Statistics Reports)A-Z subject listResearch and Statistics Reports National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) – U.S., also internationalNational Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD)international United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

27. CRM 6325 1)YOU NEED A FEW STATISTICS ON YOUR TOPIC http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi- win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&CORCmd=GetTList&ResultTemplate=Srch1 http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi- win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&CORCmd=GetTList&ResultTemplate=Srch1 Or from http://www.statcan.ca

28. CRM 6325 Here are a several subjects covered by Statistics Canada directly related to crime and justice …

29. Exercises Make sure Internet Explorer is your browser, not Mozilla Firefox –DEMOGRAPHIC context : WHO ? Your populations and communities WHAT IS HAPPENING? social and historical trends –We will use: COMMUNITY PROFILES 2006 and copy and paste into Excel… –Data on CRIME in society WHAT IS HAPPENING ? Crime indicators –We will use CCJS detailled offenses by Census Metropolitan Areas and and copy and paste into Excel… –WHERE is it happening? Putting together geography, crime and socio-economic indicators … GSS cycle 18 2004, Victimization CRM 6325

30. Web resources on Data and Statistics Statistics from Census Metropolitan Areas : median income, crime, average age… www.biblio.uottawa.ca Go to: Population and demographic statistics on Library site Community Profiles CCJS Criminal Justice Tables http://gsg.uottawa.ca/data/cma.ivt CRM 6325

31. Data Research and Access - 5 Easy Steps