1. CONSEQUENCES OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS WITH RESPECT TO CHILDREN In Egypt Huda Ragaa Mohamed Alkitkat

2. Introduction

3. (CRC) in 1989 MDGs First and second child decades which were declared for the Egyptian child rights protection (1989-1999) and (2000-2010) all of those are there to help Egyptian children to have their rights Introduction Con.

4. many efforts to guarantee a good life and child well- being in Egypt. There are many successful achievements for example the Infant Mortality rate has been declined from 62 per thousand live births (EDHS 1992) to 25 per thousand live births (EDHS 2008). Under five mortality rate also has been declined from 85 per thousand live births (EDHS 1992) to 25 per thousand live births (EDHS 2008) Introduction

5. Problem The global financial crisis is presenting significant economic and social development challenges for all countries around the world. Egypt as a apart of the world and one of the developing countries has suffered from the financial crisis impacts.

6. Consequences at Macro Level Consequences at Micro level Children Health Education Child Labour Household

7. Consequences of the Crisis Follow up report on the Economic & Social Development Plan (Ministry of Economic Development, 2009) Household and children Egyp t IDSC HH Survey

8. Observatory of the Egyptian household Household survey is conducted periodically (every three months) a survey of a nationally represented sample of about 10,000 households (except Border governorates). It hence appropriate to generalize the specific results generated here to the country at large.

9. Observatory of the Egyptian household IDSC has embraced the idea of establishing an observatory to study the effect of the existing and emerging conditions on the lifestyle of citizens ( various economic and social sides). Con.

10. Observatory of the Egyptian household The first round of the survey was conducted in May 2008, at which the financial crisis has been started, further rounds were conducted. The first and last rounds (May 2008 and May 2009), included the same HH and the data can in theory be compared across time as a panel. The basic and same questionnaires were applied to the same HH in the two rounds Con.

11. Consequences

12. the Egyptian balance of payments registered a deficit reaching $ 1.8 billion due to the inability of the service balance to cover trade deficit (because of the decrease of Suez Canal revenues, tourism receipts and outward investment) decline in net international reserves from about $ 34.1 billion by the end of December 2008 to about $ 32.2 billion in March 2009 and to nearly $ 31.2 billion in April 2009 Main results

13. Some 265 thousand new job opportunities were provided during the period (March 2008 – March 2009). However, the unemployment rate rose from 9% to 9.4% due to the economic growth sluggishness and relative decline of private investments, particularly foreign direct investments which fell from $ 3.5 billion in the third quarter of last year to $ 2.9 billion in the current quarter of 2008/09, with a decrease of 17%. Main results

14. the first group which we convinced they will affected by the crisis are the poor families. we start our analysis by comparing the percent of the poorest family in Egypt in May 2008 to the same percentage in 2009 Main results

15. the rural affected the most. % of pop in the first quintile increased from 31.3 to 35%. % of pop in the second quintile increased from 31% to 33%

16. Main results periodUrbanRuralTotal less than 6 months22.7221.3122.09 6-12 months38.9837.9838.53 13-24 months27.6228.6928.10 25-36 months10.6912.0211.29 100.00 Proportion of persons (15-64) years who stop working during the last 36 months preceding the survey (May 2009) by place of residences Main results 63% of them did not find jobs.

17. Main results School enrollment (children 6-17 years) by sex and place of residence May 2008 – May 2009 20082009 MFTMFT Urban94.8894.7494.8195.2495.0695.15 Rural92.4288.0790.3093.2689.9591.64 Total93.3190.6391.9993.9891.8992.94

18. Main results the enrolment rates by standard of living of their households shows that in the urban region the rate has been decreased slightly for males in the poorest families (from 94% in May 2008 to 91% in May 2009. for females (poorest families) the enrolment has been decreased from about 87.5% to 80%

19. Main results Child labor increased from about 1 to 1.3% (5-14 years) about 50% are for the poorest family. The distribution of child labor (5-14) by type of work is different between urban and rural: In 2008 ….most of children in urban (almost 42% of child labor) …working permanently 25% (seasonal work) In 2009 ….most of children in urban (almost 46% of child labor) …working Intermittently 29% (permanent work)

20. Main results In 2008 ….most of children (5-14) in rural (almost 52% of child labor) …working Intermittently 16% (permanent work) In 2009 ….most of children in rural (almost 36% of child labor) …working Intermittently 27% (temporary work)

21. Main results school attendance and Participation in the labor force for children (6-17) 71% of children who join labor force did not attend school regularly in the year 2008/2009. School attendance 288/2009 Join labour force yesNo yes29%96.19 No713.81 100

22. Main results Proportion of children suffering from chronic diseases by place of residence May 2008 and May 2009 percentage of children who are suffering from chronic diseases has been increased slightly among children in urban and also in rural 20082009 Urban2.573.55 Rural1.763.19 Total2.063.32

23. Main results The first three chronic diseases are almost the same in urban and rural which are: Chest diseases (respiratory allergy / asthma / fibrosis in the lung), Heart disease and blood vessels (pressure / rheumatic fever), and Diseases of the brain and nerves (blood clot in the brain / Epilepsy) the percentage of children who are suffering from Chest diseases from all children suffering from chronic diseases in rural (70%) and urban (69%) consider being the most spread chronic diseases then Heart disease and blood vessels (28% and 35% in urban and rural respectively).

24. On going….. On going analysis …. Food backset pattern … is there any change?? Child health

25. Discussion All governments have successful steps toward the MDGs since 2000….. Impact of crisis on the MDGs could be measured on the short run : education equity for example elimination of the gender gap other impacts may be clear on the long run specifically the health indicators, for example the financial crisis may be a cause to an increase of the parentage of poor family in which they will not be able to feed their children which will result in bad healthy new generation.

26. Discussion Now and after being on track of the MDGs goals the question is : would it be possible to continue and meet the 2015 commitments? what does each country need to be on track again and achieve the goals. how will be the gap of achievement between the developing and developed countries? To what extent the goals which are related directly to children will be achieved in comparison to the others goals?

27. Thanks For attention