2. 2 Components of the Workout A repetition, or rep, is the most basic component of a resistance- training program. Repetition (rep) One completion of an activity or exercise. Term to Know

3. 3 Components of the Workout If you do ten push-ups, one right after the other, you have done one set of ten reps. Set A group of consecutive reps for any exercise. Term to Know

4. 4 Components of the Workout In a typical workout, you will do several sets of several different exercises. Exercise A series of repetitive muscle contractions that build strength and endurance. Term to Know

5. 5 Components of the Workout Every exercise has as its primary target a muscle group within one of the six weight- training “body areas.” ShouldersArmsBackChestAbdominalsLegs

6. 6 The Strength-Training Circuit Circuit training is the most efficient approach to resistance training for all areas of the body. Circuit training An approach to resistance training where you rotate from one exercise to the next in a particular sequence. Term to Know

7. 7 The Strength-Training Circuit One variation of circuit training is to work large muscle groups before small ones. Large muscle group Any group of muscles of large size or any large number of muscles being used at one time. Term to Know Working large muscle groups requires more strength, energy, and mental concentration.

8. 8 The Strength-Training Circuit Small muscle groups often play a supporting role in large muscle group exercises. Small muscle group Any group of muscles of small size as well as any small number of muscles being used at one time. Term to Know If small muscle groups become fatigued, large muscle exercises will be more difficult.

9. 9 Variations on the Circuit A second variation of circuit training is to alternate push exercises (extension) with pull exercises (flexing). This gives muscles time to recover and keeps opposing muscles balanced.

10. 10 Variations on the Circuit A third variation of circuit training is to alternate upper-body exercises with lower body exercises. This method allows muscles more recovery time, but it is more difficult than the other circuit- training options previously discussed.

11. 11 Variations on the Circuit A fourth variation of circuit training is to work weakest muscles first. By working weak muscles first, you can get the muscle back in shape more quickly.

12. 12 The Basic Resistance Fitness Program Basic resistance-training goals include: StrengthHypertrophyEndurance Fitness and Toning A program, known as the “basic eight,” can help you achieve these goals.

13. 13 The Basic Resistance Fitness Program The basic eight exercises work the entire body. They take relatively little time and a minimum of equipment.

14. 14 The Basic Resistance Fitness Program The basic eight program targets these eight body areas: Chest Back Shoulder Biceps Triceps Thighs Calves Abdominals

15. 15 Programs Designed for Strength and Power There are several different programs that can be used to increase strength and power. All involve training loads that exceed 80 percent of the lifter’s 1RM. These programs are not recommended for beginners.

16. 16 Programs Designed for Strength and Power Pyramid training is often used to improve skill-related fitness. Pyramid training An approach to training that uses progressively heavier weights and fewer reps through successive sets of an exercise. Term to Know The weight added for each set is determined by increasing the percentage of the lifter’s 1RM for that exercise.

17. 17 Programs Designed for Strength and Power Pyramid training is best suited for larger muscle groups, such as those in the chest, back, legs, and shoulders. Athletes frequently use this approach to improve their skill-related fitness.

18. 18 Programs Designed for Strength and Power When doing multiple-sets, the number of reps will range from two to six and should be done to the point of fatigue. Multiple sets An approach in which the lifter uses the same amount of weight for three to five sets at a training load of 80 to 95 percent of his or her 1RM. Term to Know A recovery time of two to three minutes is allowed between sets.

19. 19 Programs Designed for Strength and Power When doing negative reps, the concentric phase is handled by one or more spotters. Negative reps An approach in which the lifter does the eccentric, or negative phase of an exercise only, using a weight 10 to 15 percent greater than your 1RM. Term to Know Three to four reps per set is the recommended maximum for this exercise.

20. 20 Programs Designed for Building Muscle Mass Several programs are available to experienced lifters whose primary training goal is to increase muscle mass, also called hypertrophy. All involve training loads of approximately 70 percent of the lifter’s 1RM. These programs are not recommended for beginners.

21. 21 Programs Designed for Building Muscle Mass Supersets are an effective way to keep opposite muscles balanced in strength. Supersets A training approach in with the lifter alternately performs sets of exercises that train opposing muscles, without resting between sets. Term to Know They are efficient because they allow you to work two muscles at the same time.

22. 22 Programs Designed for Building Muscle Mass Unlike supersets, compound sets train the same muscle group. Compound sets A training approach in which lifters do alternate sets of exercises without allowing for rest between the sets. Term to Know Compound sets are most effective with large muscle groups and should be done approximately every third workout.

23. 23 Programs Designed for Building Muscle Mass The training load for multiple hypertrophy sets is between 65 and 80 percent of the lifter’s 1RM. Multiple hypertrophy sets A training approach in which lifters use the same amount of weight throughout and to the point of fatigue. Term to Know The number of reps per set is eight to 10, and the rest period between is from 30 to 90 seconds.