1. Inside the DDC Dewey goes Europe: On the use and development of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) in European libraries Austrian National Library Vienna 28 April 2009 Joan S. Mitchell Editor in Chief, DDC OCLC mitchelj@oclc.org

2. Outline Anatomy of a Dewey record What content is in the underlying data files? What content is associated with the scheme? How is the scheme represented?

3. 796.932 Cross-country skiing Number and caption Notes Relative Index terms Mapped LCSH Hierarchy

4. Content: English-language full edition database (December 2008) Schedule numbers:26,715 Tables 1-6: 9,356 Built schedule numbers:13,310 Built table numbers: 609

5. Content: English-language abridged edition database (December 2008) Schedule numbers: 4,937 Tables 1-4: 522 Built schedule numbers: 401 Built table numbers: 9

6. What content is associated with the DDC? Large number of resources Mappings and crosswalks Interoperable translations

7. DDC already associated with a large number of resources WorldCat ~25% of WorldCat records include explicit Dewey numbers plus more derived using FRBR work sets Number is growing, e.g., Deutsche Nationalbibliothek is now adding Dewey numbers to WorldCat nearly at the same rate as the Library of Congress Other utilities and databases, e.g., BIBSYS, NORART Digital libraries, e.g., World Digital Library

8. NORART http://www.nb.no/baser/norart/

9. World Digital Library http://www.wdl.org/

10. Mappings to subject headings (1) Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Canadian Subject Headings (CSH) Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears) Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) Subject Headings

11. Mappings to subject headings (2) RAMEAU [French] Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD)[German] Nuovo Soggettario [Italian] Sears Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia [Spanish]

12. Crosswalks between DDC and other schemes LCC – DDC (ClassWeb, Classify) UDC – DDC (IZUM, Czech National Library) SAB – DDC(Electronic updated version at National Library of Sweden)

13. Translations

14. 796.932 Skilanglauf Note more SWD mapped to 796.932 than LCSH

15. Representation Use of and extensions to MARC 21 formats for representation of the DDC New representations for semantic web applications

16. Representation: Dewey in MARC 21 Formats Use of MARC 21 formats for classification and authority data in new Editorial Support System Extensions to MARC to support representation and access (developed in cooperation with DNB, LC, and OCLC)

17. Dewey Class Record in MARC Classification Format

18. Relative Index Record in MARC Authority Format

19. Dewey Class Record in XML (excerpt)

20. Some Extensions to MARC 21 Bibliographic Format Representation of component parts of numbers Accommodation of full and partial “access” numbers

21. Component Parts of Numbers Inclusion of component parts of numbers in bibliographic records using a new 085 field, based on the 765 field in the classification format

22. Component Parts Example Artistic themes in literature 082 04 $8 1 $a 808.80357 $2 22 085 ## $8 1.1 $b 808.80 $a 808.801 $c 808.303 $z 3C $s 357 Collections of literary texts from more than two literatures displaying specific features Artistic themes

23. Access Numbers Provision for assignment of access numbers (additional DDC numbers, notation from Tables 1-6, internal table notation) in bibliographic records

24. Access Numbers: Examples (1) History of Vienna, Linz, and Salzburg 082 00 $a 943.6 $2 22 (Austria) 083 0# $a 943.613 $2 22 (Vienna) 083 0# $a 943.624 $2 22(Linz) 083 0# $a 943.632 $2 22 (Salzburg)

25. Access Numbers: Examples (2) Geographic access in the British Library Newspaper Project: Birmingham Post 083 0# $z 2 $a 424 $2 22 $q Uk (West Midlands) 083 0# $z 2 $a 42496 $2 22 $q Uk(Birmingham City)

26. New Forms of Representation Formal specification of relationships in the DDC (research project under way by Green and Panzer on Dewey as an ontology—a direct response to Dr. Niggemann’s challenge at last year’s EDUG Symposium) Dewey URIs Dewey in RDF/SKOS

27. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) for Dewey: Examples Generic URI http://dewey.info/class/338.4 Specific time http://dewey.info/class/338.4/2007/05/25 http://dewey.info/class/338.4/e22 Specific time & language http://dewey.info/class/338.4/2007/05/25/about.en Specific time, language & format http://dewey.info/class/338.4/2007/05/25/about.en.skos

28. Dewey in RDF/SKOS SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) provides a standard way to represent knowledge organization systems (KOS) using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Problem: Dewey is more complex than many KOS (e.g., thesauri) Schedules, auxiliary tables, internal tables, Relative Index Standard numbers, optional numbers; number spans, centered entries Elaborate note structure in tables and schedules + lengthy notes in the Manual

29. Analyzing DDC for modeling in RDF/SKOS (1) 370.11Education for specific objectives 370.113Vocational education 370.113085Parents--vocational education 370.1130941Vocational education--Great Britain 370.1130973Vocational education--United States Career development Career education Education of employees Employee development Human resource development … Career education Career education--United States Career education--United States--Curricula Core competencies … Vocational education Vocational training centers Relative Index Mapped LCSH skos:closeMatch

30. Analyzing DDC for modeling in RDF/SKOS (2) 370.113Vocational education Class here career education, occupational training, vocational schools Class on-the-job training, vocational training provided by industry in 331.2592 For vocational education at secondary level, see 373.246; for adult vocational education, see 374.013 See also 331.702 for choice of vocation; also 371.425 for vocational guidance in schools skos:notation skos:prefLabel skos:related skos:narrowerStructural

31. RDF model: Class a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme ; dct:created "1996-06-01T00:00:00.0-05:00"^^ ; dct:modified "2003-03-26T00:00:00.0-05:00"^^ ; skos:notation "370.113"^^ ; skos:prefLabel "Vocational education"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:narrower,, ; skos:narrowerStructural, ; skos:related.

32. RDF model: Relative Index terms ddc:topic,.

33. RDF model: Mapped LCSH skos:closeMatch,.

34. Some questions to frame the symposium How can we improve/extend the content of the DDC? How can we work together to make sure new forms of representation are interoperable? How can we make Dewey in its various representations plus mapped terminologies and associated content work harder?

35. Some Useful DDC Links Dewey web site http://www.oclc.org/dewey/http://www.oclc.org/dewey/ New & Changed Entries http://www.oclc.org/dewey/updates/new/default.htmhttp://www.oclc.org/dewey/updates/new/default.htm Discussion papershttp://www.oclc.org/dewey/discussion/default.htmhttp://www.oclc.org/dewey/discussion/default.htm 025.431: The Dewey bloghttp://ddc.typepad.comhttp://ddc.typepad.com DDC Research Projects Classifyhttp://deweyresearch.oclc.org/classify2/http://deweyresearch.oclc.org/classify2/ DeweyBrowser http://deweybrowser.oclc.org/ddcbrowser2/http://deweybrowser.oclc.org/ddcbrowser2/ EDUG IT http://www.slainte.org.uk/edugit/http://www.slainte.org.uk/edugit/ Dewey URIs, RDF/SKOS representation of the DDC http://www.oclc.org/news/events/presentations/2008/ISKO/20080805-deweyskos- panzer.ppt http://www.oclc.org/news/events/presentations/2008/ISKO/20080805-deweyskos- panzer.ppt