1. National and State Powers
Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes
National and State Powers

3. Poll Me Now What are the three types of systems of government? Correct
Incorrect
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

4. Unitary System
Unitary System: a state governed as one unit, where the central government is supreme.
Local Governments only have powers granted to them by the central government, rather than any reserved powers Reserved Powers: Powers that are given to the state of the people, not the federal government.
In a unitary government the federal government possesses most of the power Example: Great Britain

5. Political Cartoon: Unitary Government
Answer questions #11-15 using this political cartoon
Draw your own political cartoon in the box under # You may use Google -Must be about unitary government

6. A Confederate System
Local governments protect their authority by forming a weak central government.
Example: The United States briefly had a confederate government established by the Articles of Confederation.
Articles of Confederation- document signed by 13 colonies and established the U.S. as a confederacy, sovereign state and served as the 1st Constitution.
In the E.U. (European Union) each country has power within the system, although there is an E.U. parliament and other institutions set a common European policy.

7. Confederate System Diagram

8. A Federal System
Divides power between the national and the lower level courts Usually a constitution allocates duties, rights, and privileges to each level of government.
Each government has distinct powers that the other governments cannot override Australia, Brazil, Canada, The United States

10. Political Cartoon: Federal System
Who does the tall man represent?
Who does the short man represent?
What is happening?
What are some disadvantages under a federal system?
Do the advantages of federalism outweigh the disadvantages? Explain
Your text here

11. Why Federalism?
The authors of the Constitution wanted to combine a strong central government with strong states to maintain social order
State govts have served as a training grounds for national politicians.
The large geographical size of a country
Federalism allows for many political subcultures

12. The Flow of Power

13. Powers of the National Government
Enumerated Powers: Powers listed in Article I Section 8 of the Constitution.
Implied Powers: Allows the national government to make decisions that fall outside the expressed powers Just because it is not stated in the Constitution doesn’t mean the National Convention can’t express its importance.
Inherent Powers: Powers held by a sovereign state. -In the U.S., the President derives these powers from the loosely-worded statements in the Constitution. - Example: "the executive Power shall be vested in a President" … and the president should "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"

14. Powers of the National Government

15. Example: Inherent Powers
Enforcing (not Enforcing) the Law
An inherent power of the president is the ability to determine how often a law is enforced Example: President Obama's decision to not deport children who have lived in the United States most their lives, but were brought illegally by their parents at a young age Obama issued this executive order after Congress stalled on passing the Dream Act, a bill that would allow undocumented child immigrants to be able to study in American universities.
The president cannot make immigration laws. (Congress Responsibility) But the president is in charge of enforcing the immigration laws The Obama administration said that children of a certain age will not be deported while attending a university In other words, Obama is not going to enforce the existing immigration law against these children. Officially, Obama is not offering them a path to legalization, but the idea is that such students will earn special training that will qualify them for an employment visa.

17. Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause can be interpreted in two different ways:
- Strict Constructionist: Congress makes a law only if the inability to do so would ‘cripple’ its ability to apply one of its enumerated powers.
- Loose Constructionist: Congress can expand its authority to all areas. - The Necessary and Proper Clause is known as the “elastic clause” because of the great amount of leeway in interpretation it allows. It can be “stretched” to expand the powers of Congress, or allowed to “contract,” limiting Congress.

18. McCulloch vs. Maryland
Example of Necessary and Proper Clause in United States was McCulloch vs. Maryland in 1819.
- The United States Constitution says nothing about establishing a national bank. - However, the national government provided a national bank that provided part of the governments income.
- In 1819, the federal government opened a national bank in Baltimore, Maryland. - Maryland’s state government tried to tax the bank in order top drive it out of business. (James William McCulloch refused to pay the tax) - The Supreme Court ruled that establishing a national bank could be done even if it was not listed in the Constitution.

19. Necessary and Proper Cartoon
According to the Cartoon, does this judge agree with Maryland trying to destroy a National bank in their state?
Why does the state of Maryland want to destroy the national bank?
How do you feel?: Do you think building a national bank is necessary and proper to the development of the United States?

20. Powers of State Governments
In addition to their exclusive powers, both the national government and state governments share the power of being able to:
- Collect taxes.
- Build roads.
- Borrow money.
- Establish courts.
- Make and enforce laws.
- Charter banks and corporations.
- Spend money for the general welfare.

21. Concurrent Powers
What are Concurrent Powers?

22. Concurrent Powers Diagram
Make your own graphic organizer?

23. Supremacy Clause
Article VI of the Constitution mandates that actions by the national government are supreme.
Any conflict between a legitimate action of the national government and a state will be resolved in favor of the national government.
This makes the actions and treaties of the United States paramount to those of the states.

24. Supremacy Clause Cartoon
Supremacy Clause (Article VI): State that “this Constitution, and the laws of the United States… and all treaties made …. under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land…”
To the left is a political cartoon of Gibbons v. Ogden, the case where the supremacy clause was established.

25. Interstate Relations - Privileges and immunities.
Article IV of the Constitution attempts to resolve potential problems between states by…
- Full faith and credit clause-states must honor actions of other states. - Interstate extradition - Interstate concepts
- Privileges and immunities.

26. Interstate Relations Cartoon
What do the men in this picture represent?
What are the men trying to do?
How are the men in this picture achieving their goal?