1. Practical Learning Design in a Future Learning Object Economy Tore Hoel Norwegian eStandard project www.estandard.no Edinburgh, Oct 23rd 2003

2. The topics of today Today The future Knowledge corpuses in different domains The learner's knowledge structure of a domain Content transmission model Social construction model Top down approach Down up approach

3. The top down approach of today  Digital libraries  Learning Resource Repositories  Portals exposing links to resources  LOM profiles  Content exchange  Easy access to content - removing barriers (IPR, identifiers….)

4. Don’t forget the interests involved Standardization of e-learning technology is a complex negotiation of meaning and interests within large actor-networks of strong individual intellectuals, companies, users and user organizations, software vendors, international bodies, system architectures, message definitions, individual data elements and specifications - comprising both human and nonhuman actors.

5. Who are designing e-learning?  ICT technologists  Content managers and publishers  Academia  The educational community?  The learner’s interests?  E-learning community  Library community  Knowledge management community ”Content is king” ”Learning is construction of meaning”

6. Are we designing/modelling the right stuff?  LOM, digital libraries are big world phenomena  Learning processes are small world phenomena We have to follow both tracks – or we do not succeed!

7. Are we succeeding?  Learning Resource Repositories are not used as much as we hoped for  Metadata are not provided, very often of bad quality, and above all: expensive  Portals (quality assured resources) are not used  Internet is used: General search engines, e.g. Google

8. Down up – let’s start in the classroom

12. I feel proud having so many keywords  I have to be more focused when reading to be able to extract keywords and look for connections  It easy to go back and look at what we have learnt

13. TopicMap – an ISO standard

14. TAO of Topic Maps: Topics, Assocations… Is used for has Is used for car transport wheel holiday

15. …and Occurences is used for has is used for transport wheel http://www.motor.no car http://www.autofil.no holiday

16. BrainBank eaten by the Omnivorous Topic Map Navigator Live demo!

17. The promises of ”secondary” metadata

18. Ontology layers My perspectiveOur perspective(s)Their perspectives

19. SNL Hedda Gabler Skien wrote Born in wrote information knowledge A dolls house

20. SNL Skien kom- mune Cap Lex NBL Henrik Ibsen Hedda Gabler Skien A dolls house wrote Born in wrote “The reality” topicmaps information knowledge andre emnekart flettes inn... Ibsen- senter Helmer Dr. Rank Fru Linde Krogstad Nora

21. Theme id and the “third layer”  There is a third layer: “the reality”  Every topic in the topic map represents a theme in “the real world” The theme id tells what theme a topic represents With a PSI (published subject indicator) topics may be shared across topic maps, e.g. http://psi.opera.org/composers/#puccini “The reality” Topic map Madame Butterfly Tosca Lucca Puccini

22. Theme id – so what?  With theme id I’m able to Connect topics in my topic map to topics in yours Download a bit of your topic map and merge with mine Define standard topics that others might use  Theme id make topic maps global They may be connected to other topic maps  The goal: Consolidated knowledge We don’t have two topics for the same phenomenon Instead we merge the duplicates

23. Merging is like…  Thanks to theme id it is possible to merge topics maps automatically When to topic maps are merged, topics that represent the same theme are merged to one topic An when to topics are merged to one, the new one gets the sum of all attributes of the two original ones name occurrence association role T name occurrence association role T name A second topic “about” the same subject Merge the to topics name occurrence association role T name Merge the to topics…...and the new topic has the sum of all the attributes of the two originals

24. BrainBank in the Knowledge universe Aricle on Article on... The brain... BrainBank forskning.no kulturnett.no contains Belongs to contains The heart biology The brain The body biology Botanical garden Example of LOM search

25. Learning paths  Each student builds his or her own “brainbank” The brainbanks are merged within a project Projects expose their brainbanks, e.g. as XTM (without any editing) These multiple brains banks could be merged into other web sites  A brainbank with your own material could be shared as a learning object

26. And some time the small world and the big world will meet… My knowledgeOur knowledge The knowledge corpuses stored in Digital libraries..and I’ll be in Scotland before you

27. Thank you! Tore.Hoel@adm.hio.no www.estandard.no