1. 3-3: Cycles of Matter
Biology 1

2. All organisms need more than energy to survive
Introduction
All organisms need more than energy to survive
Organisms need water, minerals and many other things
95% of the body is made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

3. Recycling
in the Biosphere
Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems, but matter is recycled
Elements, chemicals and matter are passed from one organisms to another through biogeochemical cycles
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another

4. Biogeochemical cycles pass the same molecules around again and again
Recycling
in the Biosphere
Matter can cycle through the biosphere because organisms DO NOT use up matter, they transform it
Biogeochemical cycles pass the same molecules around again and again

5. All organisms require water to survive
Water Cycle
All organisms require water to survive
Water moves between the ocean, atmosphere and land in different states

6. Food you eat and chemicals you use are nutrients
Nutrient Cycles
Includes:
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Food you eat and chemicals you use are nutrients
NUTRIENTS: chemical substance that an organism requires to live
Every organism needs nutrients to build body parts and to stay alive. Nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through biogeochemical cycles

7. Carbon is key to living organisms
Carbon Cycle
Carbon is key to living organisms
Can be found in many forms
4 types of processes:
Biological: photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition
Geochemical: erosion, volcanos
Biogeochemical: burial, decomposition, fossil fuel
Human Activities: mining, cutting/burning forests, burning fossil fuels

9. Ecologists are interested in primary productivity of ecosystems
Nutrient Limitation
Ecologists are interested in primary productivity of ecosystems
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY: rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem
If a nutrient is in short supply it is called a limiting nutrient
LIMITING NUTRIENT: single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem

10. Causes problems with other organisms that need more room to move
Nutrient Limitation
When water ecosystems have large amounts of limiting nutrients there is an IMMEDIATE increase of producers (like algae) causing an algal bloom
ALGAL BLOOM: an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient
Causes problems with other organisms that need more room to move

11. Section Assessment
Energy flows in ___________ through ecosystems, but matter in ___________ .
Matter can cycle through the biosphere because organisms DO NOT ___________ matter, they ___________ it.
Water moves between the ___________ , ___________ and ___________ in different states.
What are the 4 types of processes in the carbon cycle?