1. HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY Medical Microbiology Mrs. Bagwell

2. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Robert Hooke  Englishman, mechanic and tinker  C reated first working microscope  First to observe dead cells  Developed “Cell Theory”

3. CELL THEORY The parts to the cell theory are as described below:  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.  The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all organisms.  All cells come from pre-existing, living cells.

4. Anton Van Leewenhoek (1673)  Dutch merchant  Develop a microscope using magnifying lens (300X)  First to see live cells- named them “animalcules”  Studied pond water, scrapings from mouth, etc.

5. SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (ABIOGENESIS)  Life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter.  Wildly held belief until the mid-1800’s  Challenged by Rudolf Virchow (1858) with concept of BIOGENESIS (cells an only come from other cells)

6. Francesco Redi (1668)  Did experiments to disprove Spontaneous Generation  Ran convincing experiments

7. Pasteur (1857)  Demonstrated that organisms are in the air  Developed germ theory of fermentaion  Hired to see why wine spoiled  Also, proved that boiling kills organisms (led to pasteurization)

8. GOLDEN AGE Germ Theory of Disease  Microorganisms might cause disease  Led to ASEPSIS techniques  Pasteur (pasteurization)  Lister (use of carbolic acid to stop disease after surgery)  Semmelweis (handwashing before child birth to prevent puerperal fever)

9. KOCH’S POSTULATES (1876)  The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.  The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.  The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.  The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

11. Edward Jenner (1796)  Studied smallpox  Discovered that milk maids with coxpox did not get small pox  Tried experiment on 8 year old boy  Developed first vaccine

12. SMALLPOX

13. SEARCH FOR THE “MAGIC BULLET”  First “Chemotherapy”  Synthetic drugs  Antibiotics

14. SYNTHETIC DRUGS  Prepared from chemicals in laboratory  Paul Ehrlich (1910)- salvarsan  Sulfa drugs-sulfonamides

15. ANTIBIOTICS Alexander Fleming, Scottish (1928)