1. 1.) Activity 8-1C, P.g. 332-333, (#4 – read handout) To be handed in. 2.) Activity 8-1D (Omit Conclude and Apply #3) p.g. 334 To be handed in 3.) “Checking concepts” p.g. 335 #1-9 Great preparation for the TEST! 10C, 10A – May 12 th 10D – May 13 th 10 B – May 14 th

2. Section 8.1 Review Answers (Student textbook page 335) Checking Concepts 1. provide timber for building materials and other wood products act as carbon sinks reduce erosion in watersheds provide habitat for thousands of species release oxygen maintain soil fertility

3. 2. Wetlands store water, which reduces the risk of floods provides habitat for commercially important species of fish and shellfish. Plants, turtles, snakes, mink, and thousands of other organisms also live in wetlands. For juvenile animals, wetlands are a protected environment in which they can grow and develop. Every spring and fall, migrating birds also use wetlands to feed and rest. wetlands perform another important ecosystem service—the plants that grow in them filter sediment and pollution from water.

4. 3. Pollination occurs when male pollen from one flower fertilizes the female ovary in another flower of the same species. Pollinators include bees, beetles, bats, and birds. 4. Honeybees pollinate many fruit and vegetable crops, including blueberries and apples. 5. Students may say they have walked, hiked, biked, swam, or skied in any given ecosystem.

5. 6. Biodiversity includes the number and variety of organisms found in a specific region. Part of biodiversity also includes the variety of Earth’s ecosystems. In order for biodiversity to remain high, diverse ecosystems need to remain sustainable. 7. deforestation, draining wetlands, invasive species, and overexploitation

6. 8. Nova Scotia’s Wetland Conservation Policy estimates that wetland loss due to development in Nova Scotia results in roughly $2 billion in lost ecosystem services every year. The lost services include filtering water and support for the fishery industry by providing habitat for juvenile fish and the food that sustains them.

7. 9. Overexploitation can lead to dangerously low population numbers, if not the complete disappearance of a species. For example, the population of passenger pigeons was once about 5 billion. However, partly due to overhunting by early North American settlers, the last passenger pigeon died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. Overfishing of yellowfin tuna and Atlantic cod during the past few decades has reduced the numbers of these species by 90 percent.

10. A BRIEF HISTORY… OK, NOT SO BRIEF… Up to ~100 years ago, the science world believed that non-living things had the ability (given the right circumstances) to change into living things. –Eels made from ooze in ponds –Frogs and fish from clouds in the sky –Maggots from rotting meat –Mice from sweaty shirt & straw

11. The Paradigm Shift This seemingly ridiculous idea is known as spontaneous generation: the belief that living things are created from non-living things. Most scientists and general public firmly believed this to be true, however, there were a few scientists who questioned how this could happen. They tried to prove spontaneous generation to be false but no one would believe them. Something was always “wrong” with their experiments to discredit them.

12. Then, Francesco Redi devised an experiment that could not fail. With a series of glass jars, wire mesh and rotten meat he proved once and for all that living things (flies) were responsible for the appearance of maggots, not a non-living entity (air).

13. After Redi’s experiment spontaneous generation was dropped and the theory of biogenesis prevailed. Biogenesis: living things are created from other living things of the same kind.

15. 8.2 The Shift Is On—Attitude, Actions, and Empowerment UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 A paradigm is a view of the world or a way of thinking about how the world works. A paradigm shift is a significant change in the way humans view the world. Use the figures on the left to explain the terms paradigm and paradigm shift.

16. Paradigm Shifts UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 There are many examples of paradigm shifts throughout history. There is often resistance to a change in a paradigm. What are some examples of paradigm shifts that have occurred throughout history? What are some examples of paradigm shifts that are occurring now?

17. With your groups, read p.g. 336 – 337 and answer….. 1.) What are three examples of paradigm shifts? 2.) Why do you think it takes so much time and effort to change a paradigm?

18. Current paradigm shift Our society is in the midst of a paradigm shift regarding the way we view the sustainability of ecosystems and the use of resources on Earth.

19. With your groups read p.g. 339 1.) Come up with a list of evidence of the current paradigm shift in Canada 2.) Add to your list other things you believe may be evidence of this paradigm shift. 3.) Are there example from places other than Canada? China?

20. The Paradigm Shift - Now UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 Worldwide, governments on all levels rely on scientific findings to make decisions about public policy and pass legislation related to sustainability. What are examples of public policy or legislation regarding sustainability?

22. Sometimes benefits (economic, etc.) outweigh environmental protection Can you think of examples? Complete Activity 8-2B

24. How are a product’s life cycle and sustainability related? Self-education UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 Educating yourself about how products are made, whether they are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable, is an important part of individual empowerment. Fair trade is a trade practice that is based on the concepts of transparency in business and sustainable development. A product’s life cycle includes all aspects involved in making, distributing, selling, using, and disposing of the product.

25. Read p.g. 347 and answer the questions in your notebooks.

26. Individual empowerment Complete individual empowerment assignment.

27. Section 8.2 Review UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 A paradigm shift is a significant change in the way humans view the world. There are many examples of paradigm shifts throughout the history of science and technology. Our society is in the midst of a paradigm shift regarding the way we view the sustainability of ecosystems and the use of resources on Earth. Evidence of the shift can be seen at the international, national, provincial, and local levels. Continued…

28. Section 8.2 Review UNIT 4 Chapter 8: Shifting Perspectives on Ecosystems Section 8.2 Outcomes of the shift can be seen in public policy and legislation, such as the passing of pesticide by-laws and idling control laws. Individuals can be empowered to make changes by learning more about the products they purchase, voting, joining advocacy groups, or volunteering to be citizen scientists.