1. Wildfire Suppression In Fire Dependent Forests By Jessica Tancordo

2. In the Beginning  Early settlers and Native Americans used fire as land management tool.  Severe fire seasons in the 20 th century brought about policies that suppressed every fire that started, but later policies would change.  As wildfire suppression continued, natural fuels from dense amounts of leaf litter and duff layer built up causing wildfires to be even greater when they occurred.

3. Prescribed Burning  Firefighters start and observe fires in order to allow fire dependent forests to have a chance at regrowth.  Benefits in reduction of hazardous fuels, allows germination of plants, improves wildlife habitat, disposal of logging debris, disease control, and possible decrease in non-native plant species.

4. Wildland Urban Interface

5. Pine Pocosins  Coniferous, pyrophitic woodlands  Found in SE Virginia, North Carolina, and NE South Carolina  High and Low Pocosins  Forest consists of Pond Pines and very dense shrubs with large amounts of peat.

6. Pine Barrens  Found in NE United States from NJ to ME  Home to plants such as Pitch Pine, Jack Pine, Wild Lupine and Scrub Oak

7. Grasslands  Shrublands- typically dry and prone to accumulations of highly volatile fuels  Grasslands- burns readily because fire has to go through stems and leaves of herbaceous plants, lightly heats soil allowing for decomposition and recycling of nutrients.  Savannas- herbaceous level with little to no mature trees, fires suppress tree growth but allow for open landscapes.

8. Wildlife in Fire Dependent Forests

11. Picture references  http://www.californiachaparral.com/images/555_Indian_Burning_II.jpg http://www.californiachaparral.com/images/555_Indian_Burning_II.jpg  http://csfs.colostate.edu/images/photos/1669012.jpg http://csfs.colostate.edu/images/photos/1669012.jpg  http://wildfirelessons.net/uploads/mod_073.jpg http://wildfirelessons.net/uploads/mod_073.jpg  http://ffsl.utah.gov/images/fire/NewHarmony.jpg http://ffsl.utah.gov/images/fire/NewHarmony.jpg  http://envirosci.net/111/succession/lodgepole_fire.jpg http://envirosci.net/111/succession/lodgepole_fire.jpg  http://envirosci.net/111/succession/sequoia_scar.jpg http://envirosci.net/111/succession/sequoia_scar.jpg  http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/natural_communities/images/PIVa_photo_500.JPG http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/natural_communities/images/PIVa_photo_500.JPG  http://hikeexplorer.squarespace.com/southeastern-coastal-marshland/ http://hikeexplorer.squarespace.com/southeastern-coastal-marshland/  http://www.nswildflora.ca/specPics/Ocotillo/Blandford1/JackPineBarrensB8.jpg http://www.nswildflora.ca/specPics/Ocotillo/Blandford1/JackPineBarrensB8.jpg  http://www.grasslandsgouldians.com/save_the_gouldian_fund_files/Fire.jpg http://www.grasslandsgouldians.com/save_the_gouldian_fund_files/Fire.jpg  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Shawangunk_Grasslands_NWR.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Shawangunk_Grasslands_NWR.jpg  http://seekraz.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/moose-grazing.jpg?w=950&h=716 http://seekraz.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/moose-grazing.jpg?w=950&h=716  http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/PHOTO/LARGE/w_meadowlark_simspecies_ganeshjayaraman.jpg http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/PHOTO/LARGE/w_meadowlark_simspecies_ganeshjayaraman.jpg  http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iXe0O7F15og/T4v1arwvffI/AAAAAAAAA2A/KP81mYSJnNY/s1600/Delmarva-Fox- Squirrel-D3S5480.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iXe0O7F15og/T4v1arwvffI/AAAAAAAAA2A/KP81mYSJnNY/s1600/Delmarva-Fox- Squirrel-D3S5480.jpg  http://www.fs.fed.us/rmrs/images/bark-beetle/bark-beetle.jpg http://www.fs.fed.us/rmrs/images/bark-beetle/bark-beetle.jpg  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Wasp_stripping_wood.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Wasp_stripping_wood.jpg  http://www.lejeune.usmc.mil/EMD/soils/lowpocosin.jpg http://www.lejeune.usmc.mil/EMD/soils/lowpocosin.jpg

12. Literature references  http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/natural_co mmunities/ncPIVa.shtml http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/natural_co mmunities/ncPIVa.shtml  http://www.nhptv.org/wild/pinebarrens.asp http://www.nhptv.org/wild/pinebarrens.asp  http://www.nps.gov/seki/naturescience/fic_firerole.htm http://www.nps.gov/seki/naturescience/fic_firerole.htm  http://www.woodlandstewardseries.com/landowner- information-for-managing- woodland/documents/Fireasaforestrytool.pdf http://www.woodlandstewardseries.com/landowner- information-for-managing- woodland/documents/Fireasaforestrytool.pdf  http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/wetlands/coastal_explorers/ cpfmodule/bays/bays_organic2.htm http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/wetlands/coastal_explorers/ cpfmodule/bays/bays_organic2.htm