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Published byCecilia Davis Modified over 9 years ago
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Building Simulation
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BMEABMEA uilding odeling nergy nalysis
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What is BMEA? Models a building Existing or proposed Shell and Core Lighting Equipment Load Occupancy Internal Mass Environmental Systems Schedules Climate Utility Service
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Shell and Core Exterior walls Structure and finish Windows Glass, frame, size Doors Type and size Roof Type, material, overhang Shading Natural and structural Insulation Type and R-value Floors Floor covering and insulation Ceiling Construction and insulation Interior walls Construction and arrangement Interior massFurniture
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Lighting Bulb Fixture Placement Recessed, surface, or hanging Open or enclosed
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Equipment Load Office Equipment Infrastructure Industrial Process Load Breakdown UtilityTotal building load ThermostatLoads in zones MeterLoads in non-HVAC spaces
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Environmental Systems Built-up Package Split system Air & water Geothermal Solar Process HVAC VFD Pumps and fans T-stat warm-up and setback Exhaust fans Zoning Domestic hot water
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Schedules Daily, weekly, and annual Weekends and holidays Types Occupancy Lighting Equipment Environmental Systems
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Climate Model anywhere in the U.S. Seasonal Day and night 30-year average
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Utility Service Electric and gas Anywhere in the U.S. Basic and demand charges Block and ratchet charges Rate analysis
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What can BMEA do for me? Evaluate options Optimize strategies Compare costs Simple payback Life cycle Return-on-investment Evaluate energy usage Rate reductions Rebates Tax credits Reduce energy costs
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Caveats Clearly defined objectives Cost-effective modifications Energy-usage figures are relative Cost vs. Value
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Two-Story Office Building Portland, OR Structure - 25,000 sq. ft. 6” concrete slab Ext. Wall – 2 x 6 metal frame Fiberboard sheathing R-19 batt Built-up roof 3” polyurethane R-18
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Two-Story Office Building Windows- ¼” Double-clear on North ¼” Double-bronze all other Doors - ¼” clear glass w/ 3” Al frame Int. Wall - 2” x 4” metal frame Drywall R-13 batt
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Two-Story Office Building Ceiling- Lay-in acoustic tile No ceiling insulation Floors- Carpet w/ fiber pad 12 foot floor-to-floor 9 foot floor-to-ceiling
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Two-Story Office Building Lighting- 2 x 4 concealed troffer T8 ES fluorescent High-efficiency magnetic ballast Loads- 2 watt/sq. ft. No exterior loads
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Two-Story Office Building Occupancy- 8 am – 5 pm Mon – Fri Major US holidays 90% while open
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Two-Story Office Building Environmental Systems AHUSupply and return fans Economizer Constant speed +1 hour open/close Chill water coil 55F discharge air for cooling
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Two-Story Office Building VAVCore and perimeter zones 74 / 72 Occ. – 82 / 64 Unocc. Plenum return Hot water heating coil 95F discharge air for heat
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Two-Story Office Building Chiller-Electric recip. hermetic Air-cooled condenser 44F supply water Boiler-Natural gas 80% efficiency rating 180F discharge water
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Two-Story Office Building Domestic Hot WaterNatural gas 88-gallon tank 135F discharge PumpsConstant speed Standard motor
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Two-Story Office Building ElectricityPGE Schedule 32 Small Non-Residential 0.085/kW Natural gasNW Natural Schedule 31 Non-Residential 0.95/Therm (100,000 Btu)
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Running the Simulation Baseline Electricity146,650 kW $12,465 Natural gas5,252 Therms $4,935 Energy Total$17,400
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Running the Simulation Raise Cooling Set Point Raise cooling set point from 74F to 75F Reduce annual electricity consumption 2250 kW annually $190 per year 1.1% of annual energy cost
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Running the Simulation Replacing the Boiler Install 90% efficiency boiler Reduce natural gas consumption 550 Therms annually $525 per year 3.0% of annual energy cost Oregon Business Energy Tax Credit 35% of project cost over five years
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Running the Simulation Synergy Raise the temperature and replace the boiler 2250kW$190 annually 737 Therms$695 annually $885 in energy savings 5.1% of total energy bill
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Building Modeling Energy Analysis Simulate an existing or proposed building Model a wide range of building elements Structural Environmental Flexible and adaptable Cost-effective analysis Wrapping it Up
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