1. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) ANALYSIS OF AGROCLIMATIC SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY AT FARM SCALE Simone Orlandini, Anna Dalla Marta, Marco Mancini, Alessio Orlandini Department of Agronomy and Land Management University of Florence

2. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) One of the key elements for an efficacious territorial characterization and monitoring is represented by a correct design of the agrometeorological station network. At the moment, the applied criteria are mainly based on economic costs, accessibility, representativeness of the surrounding vegetation, distance from obstacles and control.

3. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) WHERE? 132 4 N years AGROMETEOROLOGICAL STATIONS POSITIONING MONITORING LENGHT HOW LONG?

4. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) AIMS Analysis of temperature spatial variability to determine the relationships between neighbouring stations and the causes of the observed variability, in order to identify the criteria for a correct stations positioning Definition of the minimum length of the monitoring period to obtain a representative description of the relations among the different measuring points

5. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) METHODS The research has been carried on in a small area of about 120 ha, in order to obtain information at farm scale The approach proposed by Hubbard, based on the analysis of the determination coefficient (R 2 ), has been followed A temperature data set of 8 years (1996 - 2003) was available for 28 positions

6. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Thermo-hygrometric network “Fattoria Poggio Casciano”

7. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy)

8. Altitude Aspect Distance from valleys bottom Slope AVAILABLE LAYERS

9. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Reference station identification - the lowest position (~ 150 m asl) - the most representative Calculation of R 2 between the reference station and the other measuring points Graphic representation of “variograms” on monthly bases (8 years average) for Tmax, Tmin and Tmean. The R 2 values have been distributed as function of: –distance –difference in height –distance from valley bottom –aspect SPATIAL VARIABILITY ANALYSIS absolute and real values

10. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Belt positioning-absolute values Low belt Medium belt High belt Reference station position +60 m +35 m -35 m Medium belt -60 m High belt

11. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Low belt Medium belt High belt +20 m -20 m Reference station position Belt positioning-relative values

12. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Minimum temperature - altitude

13. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Mean temperature - altitude

14. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Maximum temperature - altitude Low belt Medium belt High belt

15. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Distance from valley bottom Minimum Mean Maximum

16. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) T mean Aspect Distance

17. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Minimum temperature R2R2

18. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) R2R2 Mean temperature

19. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) R2R2 Maximum temperature

20. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) Calculation of R 2 between pairs of stations using average data from a progressively longer period of time (from 1 to 8 years) Identification of the time period necessary for the temporal variability stabilization of the measured variables, in order to obtain information representative of the differences existing within the study area TEMPORAL VARIABILITY ANALYSIS

21. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) November maximum temperature

22. WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING FOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) CONCLUSIONS The described method has provided important information on the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature at small scale and on criteria to design monitoring network To complete the analysis and obtain detailed information on the existing variability, other agrometeorological variables have to be considered The results will represent the basis for the set up of standard protocols for the creation of monitoring networks at farm scale, in order to obtain information without long and complicated preliminary analysis