1. CONTROLLING TIME

2. ”Remember that time is money” Benjamin Franklin 1748

3. Tunnel project Hallandsås Construction started in 1989 and the expected finish was then 1997 Today the new estimated time for completion is set to 2015... 18 years delay!!! The total cost for the construction was planned to be around €100 M The new updated total project cost is planned to be €1050 M

4. Controlling time is all about managing project and delays as effective as possible and to plan for every possible risk to avoid delays and disruptions which will lead to increased construction costs.

5. Time planning is a key function in the construction management process. Constructions seldom follows the plan exactly and the original time plan often has to be reviewed many times before completion. It is therefore crucial that the original planning process includes the possibility to follow-up and adjust the progress accordingly.

6. This is executed through the Contract Master Programme which is were the contractor and client can monitor the on-going progress of the project. The contract master programme is in practice a schedule or chart which is a living constantly updated document which is distributed to all involved parties is the project.

7. A detailed time planning process can help you avoid many of the possible risks in a construction project. The planning can also help to solve who is responsible for the potential delay. There are always risks that is impossible to plan for, weather delays and accidents for example. If the delay or disruption occurs there is almost certain that there will be a dispute in who did what and why. It is therefore very important with a carefully developed contract written between all parties

8. Gantt (bar) chart with no logic links Linked bar chart showing program logic Precedence network Critical path analysis (arrow) diagram Line of balance Time-chain age diagram A combination of above Contractor's master program In every project you need to do a contractor's master program and that can be for example:

9. Milestones are symbols shown on the contractor's program - normally shown by using a small diamond shape (♦) - that are especially useful in programming and delay analysis. Milestones have duration of zero but can still be linked to the program logic in the usual way. Milestones

10. Progress and Delay 1.The contractor notifies the contract administrator that the works have been or are likely to be delayed beyond the contract completion date 2.The contract administrator then has a set amount of time to consider the situation. 3.If the delay is the employer's fault: The contract administrator will make a decision to grant the contractor an extension of time 4.If the delay is the contractor's fault: The contract administrator will remind the contractor of the contract completion date and his contractual obligation to proceed regularly and diligently with the works 5.In either case, the contractor’s master program will be an important reference point to assist the contract administrator in coming to a decision. Regular updates

11. Progress recording Procedure for recording progress.

12. Progress recording procedures in practice. Progress recording on the bar chart.

13. Progress recording by color coding. Progress recorded by computer. The monthly site progress report.

14. It's rather common in construction projects with delays and disruptions. There is lots of reasons why you might get delays/disruptions. Around 40% of all projects are finished late, so it’s a big problem for the construction industry not following their time-schedule. Most commonly the projects are delayed by a few weeks or months. Some examples of reasons why delay may occur: Over-optimistic programming, contractual disputes or unusual procurements methods. Delay

15. Extensions of time for specific events beyond the contractor’s control Procedures for the contractor to follow when making an application for an extension of time Procedures for the contract administrator to follow when giving consideration to the contractor’s application “Delay and disruption is a phrase which is commonly used in construction just like loss and expense or health and safety” Delays are dealt with in standard construction contracts through specific clauses dealing with:

16. ICE and JCT contracts have different clauses who provide reasons why extension of time will be granted. The architect or contract administrator decides that a “relevant event” has occurred which will delay the completion date. Example: JCT 05 Standard building contract (JCT= The joint contract tribunal) Exceptionally adverse weather conditions Compliance with architect’s instructions Omission or default of the architect (which could be implied to mean failure to comply with an information release schedule) Deferment of the possession date by the employer

17. The questions are simple. “What was the cause of the delay and who bears the time and money risk”? Each of the parties will want the best settlement and will of course argue. For analysis there is various of methods: Theoretical methods -A model of what was planned is produced ignoring how the project was actually constructed and actual events are imposed on the model to see how they may have influenced the end date -The “but-for” methods - Create models of either planned intentions or the as-built project and seek to address causation on the basis of assumption Update methodologies - Which relive the project in incremental stages, consider events at the time they arose and offer the most extensive analysis Delay analysis

18. What can you as manager do to minimize your risks of delay? Meetings Avoid meetings where each person in the room gives a status update. Use the time of the meetings to find risks and issues, which the team easy can discuss and find a solution for. As we done on our projects, use an Agenda that you stick to. To-do list E-mail fixation is a modern-day problem that can distract you from doing the tasks you need or plan to. Create a daily to-do list who will keep you focused on achieving your objectives. Don’t do the Work Many project managers make the mistake of getting involved in doing the work. Avoid this at all costs. Managing projects is a full-time job and taking your eye off the ball can lead to problems.

19. THEEND

20. further reading our friend Brian Cooke