1. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 1 Frequency band consideration of SG-MBAN Bin Zhen, Huan-Bang Li, Kenichi Takizawa, Kamya Yekeh Yazdandoost, and Ryuji Kohno National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

2. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 2 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Consideration on frequency band of SG-MBAN] Date Submitted: [March, 2007] Source: [Bin Zhen, Huan-Bang Li, Kenichi Takizawa, Kamya Yekeh Yazdandoost, and Ryuji Kohno] Company [National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)] Contact: Bin Zhen Voice:[+81 46 847 5445, E-Mail: zhen.bin@nict.go.jp] Abstract: [Discussions on possible frequency band of SG-mBAN] Purpose: [To provide some application examples for BAN] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

3. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 3 Motivations Group title discussion in London meeting –Medical BAN vs. WBAN? –15.5e vs. 15.6? Bob’s comment –Decide frequency band first. TG 11p is a good example

4. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 4 Applications categories of MBAN Wearable applications –Healthcare and medical EEG, ECG, PH, body temperature –CE Audio, video, image Implantable applications –Neuro-stimulator –Capsular endoscope –Pacemaker, drug pump, glucose sensor Common features –Low power short range (<3m) –One or more devices are in or around the body Unique features –Free space air vs. tissue –Special medical requirements

5. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 5 General requirements of MBAN WearableImplantable TrafficsVideo, audio and dataData, image Radio range<3m<2m lifetimeApplication dependent5~10 years Data rate10kbps ~ 10Mbps10kbps ~ 3Mbps (distant dependent) Duty cycle1% ~ 100%0.1% ~ 50% Interference level Simultaneous operating piconets 105

6. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 6 Possible frequency bands Air interface –General service low power radios ISM band UWB band –Medical service radios MICS (medical implant communication service) band WMTS (wireless medical telemetry service) band MEDS (medical data service) band Intra-body interface

7. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 7 Radio Regulatory-TAG’s concern RR-TAG (IEEE 802.18) is the liaison between the wireless WG of IEEE 802 and major national and international regular bodies IEEE 1073 defines “medical information bus” for point-of-care medical device communications standards. In May/2006, 802.18 showed “concerns of possible mis-use of 802.11 and.15 technologies in the P1073.1.1 proposed standard” (18- 06_0037d0_IEEE_P1073_Concern) –“these IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 devices were never intended or designed for life critical applications”

8. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 8 Life critical applications Cardio disease related –Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) –ECG (for angina pectoris detection) Brain pacemaker Drug delivery Hazardous operation related –Military, firefighter, earthquake

9. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 9 ISM band and UWB band FCC rule part 15 (2006 version) –General purpose short range radio –ISM band <GHz (868/915MHz), 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz –UWB band <GHz (150-650MHz), Low band (3.24-4.74GHz), High band (5.94-10.23GHz) Eligibility of ISM and UWB device –No authorization but is subject to the condition of no harmful interference is caused All 802.11 and 802.15 technologies must be revisited for medical life critical applications –Distributed CSMA based MAC cannot guarantee QoS –Slow network (re)association

10. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 10 ISM band and UWB band (cont.) There have been 2 IEEE standards in <GHz ISM band –15.4, 15.4(b) –15.4c and 15.4d are in waiting list There have been 8 IEEE standards in 2.4GHz ISM band –11, 11b, 11g, 11n, –15,1, 15.3, 15.4(b), 15.a-CSS There is only 1 IEEE standards in UWB band –15.4a-UWB –ECMA 368* is not an IEEE standard Coexistence issue in UWB band is easier than that in ISM band

11. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 11 UWB for BAN applications BAN channel is different from that of 4a –Ground reflection component –Body surface wave –Shadowing due to body movement and change in body posture Antenna pattern change Orientation and polarization of incident wave change –It is unclear how these will impact UWB communication The mandatory MAC of 15.4a is ALOHA. There is no QoS guarantee.

12. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 12 FCC’s rule in MICS band FCC rule part 95 (2006 version) –Communications associated with implanted medical devices Eligibility of MICS device –Authorized by rule MICS communication –Network members Medical implant transmitters (MIT) Medical implant programmer/control transmitter (MIPC) –MICS session A collection of transmissions that may not be continuous <5s (reason?) –Full/half duplex communication

13. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 13 FCC’s rule in MICS band (cont.) MICS frequency band –402-405MHz –<300kHz/MICS channel measured by 20dB –Maximal EIRP transmission power in 300KHz: 25µw EIRP (signal level outside of the body) MIPC talks first –Listen-before-talk (LBT) with adaptive frequency agile (AFA) –Before 5s of a session, MIP scans candidate channels. At least 10ms detection time per channel 10logN(Hz) – 150(dBm/Hz) + G(dBi) –Primary channel and backup channel –LBT is not equal to CSMA MIT talks first –Inspired by medical event

14. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 14 EC’s rule in MEDS band ECC report 92 (2006) and FCC NPRM 06-135 (2006) –Wireless for both implantable and wearable medical devices Frequency band –401-402MHz and 405-406MHz Channel division –100KHz/channel Channels access –Access type 1 Transmit-only, -36dBm/250nw transmission power, 100KHz/channel, <0.1duty cycle –Access type 2 LBT with AFA, -16dBm/25µw transmission power

15. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 15 EC’s rule in MEDS band (cont.) ECC report 12 (2002) –Using inductive loop techniques in LF for medical implant communication Frequency band –9-315KHz –External H field: 22dB(µA/m) ~ -21.5dB(µA/m) Channel access –Typical duty cycle of external device in a session is 1% to 10%. –TDD techniques and PPM (2-32 kbps)

16. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 16 FCC’s rule in WMTS band FCC rule part 95 (2006 version) –Remote monitoring of patient’s health through wireless –Wearable medical devices –WMTS seems not a short range low power radio? (not sure) Eligibility of WMTS device –Authorized by rule in authorized location WMTS frequency band –608-614 MHz Maximal allowable field strength 200mV/m 1.5MHz/channel –1395-1400MHz and 1427-1429.5MHz* Maximal allowable field strength 740mV/m Not specified channel division Traffics –All vital signals except voice and video –Both bi-directional and unidirectional communications

17. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 17 Japan’s rule in WMTS band Frequency band –420-449MHz except for 430-440MHz Channel division –8.5KHz, 16KHz, 32KHz, 64KHz, 320KHz –Maximal power BW <= 64kHz: less than 0.001W BW > 64kHz: less than 0.01W Simplex communication TxRx TxRx TxRx Tx Half duplex Duplex Not allowed Simplex

18. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 18 Intra-body interface Any regulatory rule? Seems only support wearable communication –Can intra-body channel support implant communication?

19. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 19 Questions to be considered How to support 5Mbps medical implant communication? –300KHz channel per FCC rule Coexistence issue in ISM and UWB band –Possible support of life-critical applications EMC issue in hospital environment

20. doc: IEEE 802.15-MBAN-07-0640-00 March/2007 Zhen, Li, Takizawa, Yazdandoost and KohnoSlide 20 Conclusions RR-TAG’s concern –IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 are not intended for critical life applications Revisit is necessary for medical MBAN applications MBAN candidate frequency bands –FCC’s rules, EC’s rules and Japan’s rules –Air interface and intra-body interface No location limitation for devices in ISM band, UWB band and MICS band Authorized location for devices in WMTS band