1. NS-3를 이용한 Proxy Mobile IPv6 Simulation
한국기술교육대학교 컴퓨터공학부 한연희 교수
고려대학교 컴퓨터학과 최현영
NS-2를 이용한 최신 네트워크 시뮬레이션 단기강좌

2. NS-3 & PMIPv6 Introduction

3. NS3 Introduction What is NS3?
ns-3 is a discrete-event network simulator for Internet systems
intended to eventually replace the ns-2 simulator
not backwards-compatible with ns-2
a free, open source software project organized around research community development and maintenance
Main Groups
Univ. of Washington, Georgia Tech., Bucknell University
Financial Support
U.S. National Science Foundation & INRIA

4. NS3 Introduction Architecture ns-3 is not an extension of ns-2 ns-2
simulator core: c++ and Otcl
script: Otcl
ns-3
simulator core: c++
script: c++
bindings with Python, but can run ns-3 without any knowledge of Python
ns-3 is not an extension of ns-2

5. NS3 Introduction Current Release
ns-3.9 (August 20, 2010)
Monthly download count of ns-3 releases

6. NS3 Introduction
Progress Report (1/2)

7. NS3 Introduction Progress Report (2/2) ns3-3.9 (August 20, 2010)
Spectrum Modeling
OFDM
Underwater Acoustic Network
WiFi patches for bugs, etc.
See the page:
ns (Current On-going Activity)
Initial support for the g PHY
Consolidate Wi-Fi MAC high functionality
Energy model WiFi additions
LTE support, etc.
See the page:

8. NS3 Introduction Features Alignment with real systems
sockets, device driver interfaces)
conforms to standard input/output formats so that other tools can be reused.
e.g., pcap trace output
ns-3 is adding support for running implementation code
e.g., Linux TCP code
P2P link, shared link with CSMA.
Routing, ARP
A node can be equipped with multiple network interfaces.
Support (nearly) complete IPv6
Can run real implementation of applications.
Wireless
WiFi
WiMAX
UMTS (PPP)

9. NS3 Introduction Still use ns-2 or move to ns-3? Well-documented
ns-3 does not have all of the models that ns-2 currently has.
ns-3 does have new capabilities such as handling multiple interfaces, use of IP addressing, more detailed models.
Well-documented
extensively documented API (doxygen):

10. NS3 Introduction Network Emulation real machine Testbed
virtual
machine
ns-3
real
Testbed
1) ns-3 interconnects virtual machines
2) testbeds interconnect ns-3 stacks
real machine
Added in ns-3.5
Added in ns-3.3

11. NS3 Introduction
LOG: PCAP Trace File 1

12. NS3 Introduction
LOG: PCAP Trace File 2

13. Proxy Mobile IPv6 [IETF RFC 5213, August 2008]
LMA: Localized Mobility Agent MAG: Mobile Access Gateway
IP Tunnel
IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG
LMA
Home Network
MN’s Home Network
(Topological Anchor Point)
MAG
LMA Address (LMAA)
That will be the tunnel entry-point
LMM (Localized Mobility Management) Domain
MAG
movement
Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA)
Control messages exchanged by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA
MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)
CAFE:2:/64
MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA)
MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain
Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA)
The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point

14. PMIPv6 Features No Change to Host Stack
IP Mobility handled by the network, and transparent to the host
Any MN is just a IPv6 host
Home in Any Place
MAG sends the RA (Router Advertisement) messages advertising MN’s home network prefix and other parameters
MAG will emulate the home link on its access link.
RA Unicast
RA should be UNICASTed to an MN
It will contain MN’s Home Network Prefix
Per-MN Prefix
M:1 Tunnel
LMA-MAG tunnel is a shared tunnel among many MNs.
One tunnel is associated to multiple MNs’ Binding Caches.
IPv4 Support
RFC 5844 (May 2010)

15. Router Advertisement (Home Network Prefix)
PMIPv6 Operation Flow
PBU: Proxy Binding Update PBA: Proxy Binding Ack.
RA*: MN의 Prefix를 Policy Store에서 수신한 경우의 Router Advertisement
RA**: MN의 Prefix를 LMA에서 수신한 경우의 Router Advertisement MN
MAG
AAA&Policy Store
LMA CN
MN Attachment
AAA Query with MN-ID
AAA Reply with Profile
PBU with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option (all zero), Timestamp option
PBA with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option
Router Advertisement (Home Network Prefix)
Tunnel Setup
Optional
DHCP Server
DHCP Request
DHCP Request
DHCP Response
DHCP Response
[MN-HoA:CN](data)
[Proxy-CoA:LMAA][MN-HoA:CN](data)
[MN-HoA:CN](data)

16. 다른 인터페이스의 스위치 를 올려서 단순하게 접속만 시도 플로우 이동은 없음
Flow Mobility in PMIPv6
Scenario 1: Setting up Mobility Sessions on Demand
Create additional mobility sessions on demand
e.g., additional connection for a particular service
A new mobility session with a new prefix is created
LMA
LMA
Mobile IPTV flow
Mobile IPTV flow
PBU
PBU
다른 인터페이스의 스위치 를 올려서 단순하게 접속만 시도 플로우 이동은 없음
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
VoIP flow
VoIP flow
WiMax 3G
WiMax 3G
HTTP flow
WiBro 3G
WiBro 3G 단말 단말

17. Flow Mobility in PMIPv6 Scenario 2: Flow Mobility
If another access is enabled on the MN, some of the existing flows could be moved over, to achieve, e.g., load balancing and better user experience
LMA
LMA
Mobile IPTV flow
Mobile IPTV flow
PBU
새로운 인터페이스로 한 개의 세션을 이동
PBU
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
VoIP flow
VoIP flow
WiMax 3G
WiMax 3G
WiBro 3G
WiBro 3G 단말 단말

18. IETF Core Standards for Mobility Management
[관련 WG: MEXT, MIPSHOP, NETEXT 년 10월 현재]
Horizontal Handover
Vertical Handover
Multiple Interface Management
Multiple Flow Management
A handover is initiated when mobile device exits the boundaries of an administrative domain. Single interface is used.
A mobile device does need to move in order to initiate a handover. Multiple interfaces are required, but use one interface at a time.
Simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and access networks. Association of an application with an interface
Ability to split individual flows between links with
respect to the requirements of the flows and the user preferences
Complexity Level
Host-based IP Mobility
Network-based IP Mobility
Mobility Support in IPv6
[RFC 3775, June 2004]
Hierarchical Mobile IPv6
[RFC 4140, Aug. 2005]
Mobile IPv6 Support for Dual Stack Hosts and Routers
[RFC 5555, June 2009]
Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6
[RFC 4068, July 2005]
Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration
[RFC 5648, Oct. 2009]
Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and NEMO Basic Support
[draft-ietf-mext-flow-binding-11]
Traffic Selectors for Flow Binding
[draft-ietf-mext-binary-ts-05]
Proxy Mobile IPv6
[RFC 5213, Aug. 2008]
IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6
[RFC 5844, May 2010]
Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6
[RFC 5949, Sept. 2010]
Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration & Flow Bindings in Proxy Mobile IPv6
[draft-trung-netext-flow-mobility-support-01 & draft-bernardos-netext-pmipv6-flowmob-01]

19. NS3 Tutorial Scenario & Codes

20. Tutorial Scenario Simulation Topology Simulation Scenario
Ping(UDP) from n4 to n0

21. Tutorial Scenario Simulation Script Create nodes Attach devices
int nCsma=3;
NodeContainer p2pNodes;
p2pNodes.Create (2);
NodeContainer csmaNodes;
csmaNodes.Add (p2pNodes.Get (1));
csmaNodes.Create (nCsma);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes);
CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("100Mbps"));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (NanoSeconds (6560)));
NetDeviceContainer csmaDevices;
csmaDevices = csma.Install (csmaNodes);

22. Tutorial Scenario Install IPv4/IPv6 network stack Assign IP address
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));
stack.Install (csmaNodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (" ", " ");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
address.SetBase (" ", " ");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer csmaInterfaces;
csmaInterfaces = address.Assign (csmaDevices);

23. Tutorial Scenario Install UDP Echo server/client application
Setup trace
Start simulation
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (csmaNodes.Get (nCsma));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (csmaInterfaces.GetAddress (nCsma), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.)));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("second");
csma.EnablePcap ("second", csmaDevices.Get (1), true);
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();

24. Tutorial Scenario
PCAP trace

25. PMIPv6 Implementation in NS-3

26. PMIPv6 Implementation Overview Based-on NS-3 3.8
Implements some part of Mobile IPv6
Mobility header, BU/BA handler
Designed for easy porting to newer version of NS-3
Link-layer support: Wifi only
MIPv6 functionality
PMIPv6
IPv6

27. Class Diagram for PMIPv6

28. Major Classes Tunneling Routing Mobility header process PMIPv6 agent
TunnelNetDevice – IPv6-in-IPv6 creator (Encapsulator)
Ipv6TunnelL4Protocol – IPv6-in-IPv6 handler (Decapsulator)
Routing
Ipv6StaticSourceRouting – Source address based routing
Mobility header process
Ipv6MobilityL4Protocol – Mobility header handler
Ipv6MobilityDemux
Ipv6MobilityBindingUpdate – BU handler
Ipv6MobilityBindingAck – BA handler
PMIPv6 agent
Pmipv6Mag/ Pmipv6Lma – PBU/PBA processing
BindingUpdateList/BindingCache – Store binding information
Helper
MagHelper/ LmaHelper – Create and aggregate objects
Application
UnicastRadvd – Mac Unicast of RA in Wifi network

29. Header Classes

30. Header Classes Important functions in Header class Serialize()
Compose packet data from member variables
Deserialize()
Fill the variables in the class from the packet data
GetSerializedSize()
Get total bytes of packetized data
Print()
Print each field of header (used for ASCII-based trace)

31. Header Classes Header implementation example
class Ipv6MobilityHeader : public Header {
private:
uint8_t m_payload_proto;
uint8_t m_header_len;
uint8_t m_mh_type;
uint8_t m_reserved;
uint16_t m_checksum; };
void Ipv6MobilityHeader::Print (std::ostream& os) const {
os << "( payload_proto = " << (uint32_t)GetPayloadProto()
<< " header_len = " << (uint32_t)GetHeaderLen()
<< " mh_type = " << (uint32_t)GetMhType()
<< " checksum = " << (uint32_t)GetChecksum() <<")"; }
uint32_t Ipv6MobilityHeader::GetSerializedSize () const {
return 6; }
uint32_t
Ipv6MobilityHeader::Deserialize (Buffer::Iterator start) {
Buffer::Iterator i = start;
m_payload_proto = i.ReadU8();
m_header_len = i.ReadU8();
m_mh_type = i.ReadU8();
m_reserved = i.ReadU8();
m_checksum = i.ReadNtohU16();
return GetSerializedSize (); }
void
Ipv6MobilityHeader::Serialize (Buffer::Iterator start) const {
Buffer::Iterator i = start;
i.WriteU8 (m_payload_proto);
i.WriteU8 (m_header_len);
i.WriteU8 (m_mh_type);
i.WriteU8 (m_reserved);
i.WriteU16 (0); }

32. BUL&BCache

33. Binding Update Process

34. Binding Update Process
(1) – MN attachment event trigger
Create binding update list
(2) – Sending PBU
(3)~(5) – IPv6 packet transmission among nodes
Packet(PBU) will be arrived at the LMA
(6) – Received by mobility header handler
(7)~(9) – Demultiplexing mobility header based on Mhtype field in the packet
(10) – Received by PBU handler
Create or update binding cache
Setup tunneling and routing

35. Binding Update Process
(11) – Sending PBA
(12)~(14) – IPv6 packet transmission among nodes
Packet(PBA) will be arrived at the MAG
(15) – Received by mobility header handler
(16) –(18) – Demultiplexing
(19) – Received by PBA handler
Update binding update list
setup tunneling and routing

36. Data Process

37. Data Process (1)~(2) – IPv6 packet arrival
Data packet from source node, either CN or MN
(3)~(4) – Incoming packet process in IPv6
Query to routing module
(3)’~(4)’ – Subsequent routing query (default)
(3)”~(4)” – Source based routing query only in MAG
Source based routing is higher priority than static routing
(5) – Forwarding the packet to the MAG via tunnel device
IPv6-in-IPv6 Encapsulation performed

38. Data Process (6) – Sending encapsulated packet
(7)~(9) – IPv6 packet transmission among nodes
(10)~(11) – Incoming packet process in IPv6
Query to routing module
(12) – Received by IPv6-in-IPv6 packet handler
Decapsulation performed
(13) – Sending decapsulated packet
(14) – Sending Data Packet to the destination node, either CN or MN

39. Helpers MagHelper Function Install(node)
Create PMIPv6 related objects and aggregate into Node
Register callback for MN attachment trigger to WifiMac in node
Install(node, addr, Ptr<Node> ap_node)
Register callback for MN attachment trigger to WifiMac in ap_node
SetProfileHelper(Pmip6ProfileHelper)
Set profile helper

40. Helpers LmaHelper Pmip6ProfileHelper Function
Install(node)
Create PMIPv6 related objects and aggregate into Node
SetProfileHelper(Pmip6ProfileHelper)
Set profile helper
SetPrefixPoolBase(prefix, prefix_len)
Set Prefix Pool information
Pmip6ProfileHelper
Manage each MN’s profile information
AddProfile(MN_ID, LL_ID, LMAA, Prefixes)
Add profile for an MN

41. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario

42. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Setup mobility
MobilityHelper mobility;
Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator> ();
positionAlloc->Add (Vector (-100.0, 0.0, 0.0)); //MAG1AP
positionAlloc->Add (Vector (100.0, 0.0, 0.0)); //MAG2AP
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (positionAlloc);
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (aps);
Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> staPositionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator> ();
staPositionAlloc->Add (Vector (-100.0, 100.0, 0.0)); //STA
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (staPositionAlloc);
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel");
mobility.Install(sta);
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> cvm = sta.Get(0)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
cvm->SetVelocity(Vector (20.0, 0, 0)); //move to left to right 20.0m/s

43. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Setup Wifi
Ssid ssid = Ssid("MAG");
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetPcapDataLinkType (YansWifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);
WifiHelper wifi = WifiHelper::Default ();
NqosWifiMacHelper wifiMac = NqosWifiMacHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
wifiMac.SetType ("ns3::NqapWifiMac",
"Ssid", SsidValue (ssid),
"BeaconGeneration", BooleanValue (true),
"BeaconInterval", TimeValue (MilliSeconds(100)));
mag1ApDev = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, mag1Net.Get(1));
//WLAN interface
wifiMac.SetType ("ns3::NqstaWifiMac",
"Ssid", SsidValue (ssid),
"ActiveProbing", BooleanValue (false));
staDevs.Add( wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, sta));

44. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Setup PMIPv6
//attach PMIPv6 agents
Pmip6ProfileHelper *profile = new Pmip6ProfileHelper();
//adding profile for each station
Identifier(Mac48Address::ConvertFrom(staDevs.Get(0)->GetAddress())),
backboneIfs.GetAddress(0, 1),
std::list<Ipv6Address>());
Pmip6LmaHelper lmahelper;
lmahelper.SetPrefixPoolBase(Ipv6Address("3ffe:1:4::"), 48);
lmahelper.SetProfileHelper(profile);
lmahelper.Install(lma.Get(0));
Pmip6MagHelper maghelper;
maghelper.SetProfileHelper(profile);
maghelper.Install (mags.Get(0), mag1Ifs.GetAddress(0, 0), aps.Get(0));
maghelper.Install (mags.Get(1), mag2Ifs.GetAddress(0, 0), aps.Get(1));

45. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Setup traffic
Udp6ServerHelper udpServer(6000);
ApplicationContainer apps = udpServer.Install (sta.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
uint32_t packetSize = 1024;
uint32_t maxPacketCount = 0xffffffff;
Time interPacketInterval = MilliSeconds(10);
Udp6ClientHelper udpClient(Ipv6Address("3ffe:1:4:1:200:ff:fe00:c"), 6000);
udpClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (interPacketInterval));
udpClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (packetSize));
udpClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (maxPacketCount));
apps = udpClient.Install (cn.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.5));

46. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
PBU Trace in the LMA

47. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Trace for Handover in the MN

48. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Tunneling Trace in the LMA

49. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario
Tunneling Trace in the LMA

50. PMIPv6 Simulation Scenario

51. Thank you
- Q&A -