1. Unit 2 US HISTORY

2. Unit 2 Standard  The Student will trace the ways the economy and society of British North America developed.  A. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans- Atlantic trade.  B. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American culture.  C. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism.  D. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

3. Mercantilism  The founders of the British colonies were highly influenced by the idea of mercantilism.  Mercantilism was an economic theory that believed that the earth had limited supplies, especially gold and silver  Therefore, the best way to become a stronger nation was to acquire the most wealth  Ex…as a nation became stronger and wealthier, its enemies became poorer and weaker

4. Mercantilism  Mercantilism inspired the European governments to depend on the colonies for raw materials  As colonies grew and became wealthier, the mother countries became stronger and wealthier  Ex 1…The more land that England colonized in America meant less land for France and other European countries  Ex 2…more American goods sold to other countries meant more money for England and less for other countries

5. Mercantilism  Mercantilism urged Parliament to control the trans- Atlantic trade  All goods shipped to/from the colonies had to be in British ships  ALL goods sent to Europe had to land in Britain first to pay taxes  Some goods could be exported to England only  These rules were designed to keep the colonies from competing against British  instead Americans became smugglers and ignored British trading laws

6. Mercantilism

7. The Middle Passage  Triangular Trade Route – a trans-Atlantic trade route involving Britain, Africa, and the New World  First the British ships loaded with rum, cloth, and other English goods  Second the ships would go to Africa and trade for slaves  Next the ships would transport the African slaves to the New World on the Middle Passage and trade the slaves for money, sugar, molasses and other Americaan goods  Last they would take the American goods to England and start all over

8. The Middle Passage  The middle passage was a brutal journey for African slaves  300-400 slaves were often cramped in the hull of a ship with no standing room  Over 20% (2/10) slaves died during the journey

9. The Middle Passage

10. Growth of the African Population  As cash-crop farmers prospered, farms were expanded  In order to fulfill the need for more workers, farmers turned to the African slaves  The first Africans arrived in the colonies in 1619 (Virginia)  The majority of the slaves were located in the southern colonies in order to support the regions agriculturally based economy

11. African American Culture  In an attempt to control the slaves, the owners sought to strip away all African culture and replace it with a plantation culture  However the physical isolation of the slaves away from their masters led to a creation of a new blended culture  Foods such as okra, watermelon, yams, rice, and grits are a result of a blending of European and African cultures  Cultural blending also led to unique language patterns such as Creole in Louisiana and Gullah in coastal Georgia

12. Benjamin Franklin  Benjamin Franklin was born in a poor family and move out at the age of 17 to become independent  He then went to London for 3 years to become a printer  he returned to Philadelphia a printer, writer, and businessman  During his 84 years of life, Benjamin Franklin became one of the world’s leading authors, philosophers, scientists, inventors, and politicians  A true rags to riches story

13. Benjamin Franklin

14. The Great Awakening  The Great Awakening was a religios revival movement sweeping through Europe in the 1720’s  It spread to the colonies and lasted through the eve of the American Revolution  The revival placed an emphasis on individual religious experience rather than religious experience through church doctrine

15. Causes of The Great Awakening  Cause 1:  At the end of the English Civil War, a Protestant monarchy made the Church of England (Angelican Church) the official church of the state  This caused Catholics to be suppressed and other religions like Judaism and Islam were driven underground  Angelican ministers relied on elaborate sermons that appealed to the rich and highly educated but often left the masses bored and depressed

16. Causes of the Great Awakening  Cause 2:  New minster such as Jonathon Edwards, William Tennent and George Whitefield urged people to be more emotional in Christianity  fervent prayer and bible study was stressed  The emotional sermons appealed to the heart more than the head  they became very popular

17. Causes of the Great Awakening  Cause 3:  The Great Awakening was influenced by the Enlightenment  emphasis on logic and reasoning  These two movements influenced individuals to find salvation on a personal value instead of church dogma and structure

18. Great Awakening

19. Significance of the Great Awakening  1:  The Great Awakening broke up colonial Puritan and Anglican churches  The Puritans split in half  half following the Old Lights (traditional) and half following the New Lights (Great Awakening preachers)  New denominations began to arise  Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians gained members

20. Significance of the Great Awakening  2:  A social split occurred between the wealthy in the colony  1 group sided with the established church while another group sided with new beliefs  This split ran along a geographic line  those in the uplands regions supported the ideas of the Great Awakening

21. Significance of the Great Awakening  3.  The Great Awakening challenges the established authorities in the church and the monarchy  The struggle that the preachers spoke of easily related to America’s desire for independence

22. Significance of the Great Awakening  4:  The American colonies had been founded on the idea that government ruled on the basis of a covenant between God and the people (the Mayflower Compact)  The new church structures appointed their own ministers and administered their own church  This independence reinforced by the ideas of John Locke’s social contract and Thomas Payne’s emotional appeal for independence