1. Dr. Hoge NS 1300 – Spring 2010

2. Is the Big Bang in trouble?  The Big Bang is the unifying theory of cosmology, right?  But, we are finding that the Big Bang theory cannot answer all of the questions we have.  So, we need a new theory.  What does this mean, and why such a fuss?  What are the questions the Big Bang can’t answer?

3. The Ordered Universe  Earth as the Center of the Universe Ptolemy  Look to the Stars Astrology Calendars (Mayan, Aztec, Druids)  Emergence of Modern Astronomy Copernicus

4. Mechanistic Universe  Kepler  Galileo  The Telescope  Heresy

5. Motion  Mass (m)  Speed (s)  Velocity (v)  Acceleration (a)  Force (F) F=ma

6. Universal Laws of Motion  Isaac Newton  Newton’s Laws of Motion  What is space? – the bucket problem (absolute space) “If I have seen far, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” -- Sir Isaac Newton

7. Space-Time  d = vt  d is distance (displacement is different from distance)  v is velocity  t is time  Speed is change in distance over time (magnitude)  Velocity is speed plus direction (vector) (scale is important)

8. Newton’s 1 st Law – Law of Inertia  A moving object will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, and a stationary object will remain at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force. A motorist wishes to travel 40 kilometers at an average speed of 40 km/hr. During the first 20 km, an average speed of 40 km/hr is maintained. During the next 10 km, however, the motorist goofs off and averages only 20 km/hr. To drive the last 10 km and average 40 km/hr, the motorist must drive: a) 60 km/hrc) 90 km/hr b) 80 km/hrd) faster than light

9. Newton’s 2 nd Law  The acceleration produced on a body by a force is proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. A force is a push or a pull F = ma

10. Newton’s 3 rd Law  For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Friction Gravity ○ F G = M 1 X M 2 / d 2 ○ Center of gravity? Projectile Motion It’s not rocket science, oh wait, yes it is

11. Momentum  P = mv Linear Momentum Angular Momentum  Conservation of Momentum

12. Gravity  Newton’s Gravity  Einstein’s Gravity

13. Wherefore Art Thou, Gravity?  General Relativity Gravitational Field  Quantum Gravity Graviton  Can String Theory Unite Them?

14. Is Superman Possible?  Cartoon Laws of Physics Cartoon Laws of Physics  Roller Coaster Physics Roller Coaster Physics  The Physics of Baseball The Physics of Baseball  NASCAR Physics NASCAR Physics  Physics of Martial Arts Physics of Martial Arts  Movie Physics Movie Physics  Physics of Superheroes Physics of Superheroes

15. Quiz  1. T or F, force equals mass times velocity.  2. T or F, momentum equals mass times acceleration.  3. T or F, gravity is an example of Newton’s 3 rd law.  4. If I say the force of gravity pulling on you is the force, what is the reaction force?  5. T or F, gravity is nothing more than the acceleration of spacetime.