1. Legal and constitutional status of Amazigh language in Morocco & North Africa HASSAN ID BALKASSM UNPFII member expert 8 – 10 January 2008, United Nations New York, New York International Expert Group Meeting on indigenous languages PFII/2008/EGM1/9

2. Structure of the presentation: Back round Amazigh movement claims Negotiations and recognition Integration of Amazigh language in Educational System Integration of Amazigh language in the medias Promotion of Amazigh language in the society Challenges Recommendations

3. Back round Amazigh languages in North Africa 33 centuries of existence and history Assimilating policy 1956-61 Exclusion of Amazigh languages Emergency of Amazigh movement 1967-80 Reorganization of cultural resistance (ago) National, regional and international Amazigh network 1980-1991-1993

4. Amazigh movements claims AGADIR Charter Claims (1991) and Amazigh Manifest (2000) Legal and constitutional recognition Democratization of linguistic policy Linguistic and cultural rights Integration of Amazigh languages in the educational system Integration of Amazigh language in the medias Establishment of institute for Amazigh language

5. Negotiations and recognition Legal and constitutional recognition Establishment of High Commissariat for Tamazight on 1993 and legal and constitutional recognition on1996 in Algeria. Legal and collective recognition 2001(July) and the establishment of Royal Institute for Amazigh Culture in Morocco on 2001 (October) Partnership convention for Integration of Amazigh languages in education system 2003-2004 Partnership convention for Integration of Amazigh language in the medias Partnership conventions with other institutions

6. Integration of Amazigh language in Educational system New Linguistic policy for Amazigh language in Morocco and Algeria Adoption of TIFINNAGH (Amazigh writing) and standardization in M /Latin and Arabic in Algeria Amazigh language for all Moroccan children and for all levels progressively since 2003-2004/in some regions in Algeria Didactics materials in Amazigh language Training programs for teachers New dynamic with mother language in schools

7. Integration of Amazigh language in Educational system Tamazight is a national responsibility : Amazigh language for all Moroccan children and for all levels progressively since 2003 Didactics materials in Amazigh language Training programs for teachers New dynamic for mother language in schools

8. Integration of Amazigh language in the Media New Linguistic policy for Amazigh language in the Media Partnership between IRCAM and Minster of Communication on 2004 :objective 30% of programs in public channels in Amazigh language one Amazigh channel Convention for a Public Amazigh Channel on 2008 More time for programs in Amazigh Radio Channel Programs in Amazigh language in private channel on the Basis of Cahiers des Charges (License) under the High Authority of HACA Possibility for Amazigh films to be funded.

9. Promotion Of Amazigh language in partnership with NGO New dynamic for Amazigh language in local, regional and national spaces Establishment of fund a partnership with Amazigh language for all Moroccan children and for all levels progressively since 2003-2004/in some regions in Algeria Didactics materials in Amazigh language Training programs for teachers New dynamic with mother language in schools

10. Realizations Educational System Ancestral writing system TIFINNAGH has become the official Graphic System ; recognized by the ISO-Unicode on June 2004 Progressive standardization of Amazigh language Didactic materials elaborated for five levels of the primary Elaboration of conceptions and programs of training Sessions of training for teachers every year since 2003 2006-2007:sences announced by Educational mini teachers:9469 Classes:10641 Students:298872

11. Challenges Absence of Constitutional recognition Human resources insufficient Education budget is not enough Absence of the professional training for teachers Assimilating policy resistance Absence of Amazigh language in universities and Medias Need for Amazigh language to be official.

12. Recommendations for Governments and United Nations Constitutional recognition of IPS languages Law to use Indigenous peoples languages in the Medias Laws to integrate IPS languages in Education system IPS languages in all levels Establishment of National Institution for standardization of IPS languages Training institute for teachers Departments for Indigenous peoples languages in the universities. Establishment of Indigenous peoples TV channels Quota for IPS languages in pubic channels Convention to protect IPS languages, identities and rights

13. Recommendations for the world Conference for the protection of linguistic diversity an Indigenous peoples languages Objective the Conference: adoption of a declaration and program for action to promote and to protect IPS languages. Main Areas in the Agenda of the World Conference on linguistic diversity: Constitutional and juridical status of IPS languages in the world. Elements for formulation of democratic policy to promote IPs languages. Teaching IPS languages. IPS languages in the medias Medias Date of the world Conference :September 2010 Where? AGADIR. Morocco. if Morocco accept the King may attend to open the World Conference or send a his representative)