1. Lab IV Lecture 1 Course Overview Introduce Step 1 Course Web Page www.ece.drexel.edu/ECE/ECE-L304

2. 2 Course Goals 4 Provide a practical experience in circuit prototyping 4 Integrate analog and digital circuit design concepts 4 Increase MicroSim Design Manager/OrCAD skills 4 Incorporate system-level and scheduling considerations

3. 3 What Do We Expect of You? 4 Mandatory attendance in lab lecture 4 Attendance in lab hours –You can work in a group of 2 and turn in one report –You will attend the lab section listed on your schedule 4 2 to 3 hours of work outside of lab –This is the level of effort that should be going into each of your classes per lecture hour 4 Assignments will be turned in on time

4. 4 What Should You Expect of Us? 4 We will provide you with the materials and documentation needed to perform the project 4 We will provide grade feedback on a timely basis 4 We will be available to answer your questions

5. 5 Grading Policy 4 The deliverables for each step of the project will receive a numerical grade. The grades for steps which involve circuit design and construction will have several parts, including design, functionality (does it work?), quality of construction. 4 Steps 2 and 5 are multi-week experiments, and will receive heavier weight.

6. 6 Grading Policy 4 Deliverables are due no later than one week after your scheduled lab meeting. Reports which are late will lose 1 point per week until four week have gone by, at which time the report will not be accepted.

7. 7 The Overall Idea 4 Design, build, debug and verify a digital recording circuit, or data acquisition system –Accept analog information –Convert to digital form –Save to RAM –Convert back to analog form –Output across a load

8. 8 The Overall Idea ADCRAMDAC Control 88

9. 9 The Overall Idea 4 Ideally we would like to be able to record an audio (voice) message and then play it back. 4 We will see that there are real-world limitations that will limit our success, and some compromises will be needed.

10. 10 Step by Step 4 Step 1 Review of ADC and DAC 4 Step 2 Build the ADC circuit 4 Step 3 Build the DAC circuit 4 Step 4 Introduce static RAM 4 Step 5 Introduce control logic 4 Step 6 Build the on-board clock 4 Step 7 Final changes

11. 11 Step 1- Review of DAC/ADC 4 A simulation-based exercise –Observe how analog signals are converted to digital signals –Observe how digital signals are converted to analog signals 4 The circuits observed are much simpler than those in the hardware you will use, but the concepts are similar

12. 12 Step 1 Prelab 4 Read “Memory devices, timing models, and hierarchical blocks”, A. Motley, MicroSim Corporation, April 1997 through the “The Supporting Logic” section. 4 Review ADC, DAC experiments from ECEL 303 Lab III. 4 Find a box to safely carry around your circuit (6” x 8” x 3” min).

13. 13 Step 1 Tasks 4 Perform simulation: Analog/Digital Conversions - Resolution, Chapter 11, OrCAD PSpice for Windows, Volume III: Digital and Data Communications, 3 rd ed., R.W. Goody

14. 14 Step 1 Method 4 Think 4 Discuss 4 Draw 4 Simulate 4 Compare 4 Redraw if needed, but don’t erase

15. 15 Digital to Analog Conversion 4 Digital signals have discrete levels –MSB - highest weight –LSB - lowest weight 4 We must convert each N-bit binary value to a unique analog voltage

16. 16 Simple DAC

17. 17 Simple DAC 4-bit counter (not part of DAC) TTL voltage levels Summing Amplifier The values of the resistors in the input network of the summing amplifier determines the “weights” of the digital bits.

18. 18 Analog to Digital Conversion

19. 19 ADC - Input Side Analog Input Voltage Comparator Schmidt Trigger “DAC” signal from R-2R Network

20. 20 ADC- Internal Voltage Generation Binary Counter D-Flip Flop R-2R Network

21. 21 ADC Types 4 The ADC chip we will use (ADC0804) is based on a successive approximation (SA) algorithm –The SA Register and Latch (see the functional diagram on the datasheet, p. 6-6) works like the 74161 counter in our simulation. The Ladder and Decoder contains the R-2R network. 4 The SA converter type is one of the most commonly used

22. 22 Resolutions of ADC Types Source: Aspects of data acquisition system design, P. Miller, TI Analog Applications, Analog and Mixed-Signal Products, August 1999.Aspects of data acquisition system design

23. 23 Speeds of ADC Types Source: Aspects of data acquisition system design, P. Miller, TI Analog Applications, Analog and Mixed-Signal Products, August 1999.Aspects of data acquisition system design

24. 24 Step 1 Deliverables 4 Completed Workbook –One for each group 4 DAC summing circuit schematic and simulation results 4 Integrated ADC circuit schematic and simulation results 4 Counter-Ramp ADC and related questions are extra credit (10%) 4 Due 1 week after lab date, in 7-205