1. Map Design Process ‣ Determine the objectives of the map. ‣ Decide on the data layers to be included. ‣ Plan a layout. ‣ Choose colors and symbols. ‣ Create the map.

2. Questions to consider in Map Design ‣ What is the purpose of the map? ‣ Who will be reading the map? ‣ Under what circumstances will the map be used? (medium) ‣ Is the map likely to be projected, copied, or faxed? (transfer)

3. Purpose Drives… ‣ Data to be included Layers Density ‣ Map scale ‣ Map Coordinate System & Projection ‣ Nature of symbology Simple Complex ‣ Explanatory text

4. Audience Drives… ‣ Quantity of symbols ‣ Nature of symbology ‣ Nature of classification Tradition ‣ Explanatory text

5. Medium Drives… ‣ Layout size and shape ‣ Density of data ‣ Nature of symbology Colors Shapes ‣ Quantity of text

6. Potential for Transfer Drives… ‣ Detail level ‣ Colors chosen ‣ Size of text

7. Details of Map Design ‣ Layout: Balance ‣ Symbology ‣ Color or not to color ‣ Don’t overlook details ‣ Projection & coordinate system

8. Balance: Basic Principles ‣ Maximize size of map relative to titles, legends, etc. ‣ Distribute elements evenly on the page, avoiding blank or cluttered areas ‣ Align straight edges and use neatlines to enclose map elements

9. Planning the layout Poor design Better design

10. Choosing Symbols: Basic Principles ‣ Natural earth tones & pastels are better than strident colors ‣ Use bold colors sparingly for emphasis ‣ Manipulate psychological aspects of different colors and symbols ‣ Mimic phenomena, such as blue for water ‣ Make classes easy to understand ‣ Apply emphasis with color, size, and thickness

11. Symbol psychology Where is the water? Where is there less rain? Which towns have more people? What’s there? Where’s the danger?

12. Vibrating Moiré pattern obscures roads Use see-through lines to indicate urban areas Symbol tricks

13. Choosing symbols Which one looks more aesthetic? Which one is easier to understand? Which one shows the roads better?

14. Improving a world map More pastels Natural colors Use ramp to indicate increasing population Emphasize the important information

15. Pay attention to details! Crowded Unclear name Abbreviations Poor formatting Much better!!!

16. B&W maps ‣ Special principles apply to maps that are black/white or will be copied or faxed. Design in B&W rather than assuming it will copy all right Use no more than 5 gray levels Use different patterns instead of colors B&W maps cannot show as much information Color balance rules still apply—use mostly light patterns; emphasize small regions with dark ones

17. Geologic map for color printing Geologic map for B&W printing

18. Grids and Graticules Wizard

19. Text and titles

20. Pictures

21. Neatlines

22. Graphics Graphic text tools Font Font style Colors for fill, lines, markers Shapes Select Elements The Draw toolbar

23. Reviewing and printing

24. Printing maps Not ready to print!

25. Export as picture file