1. به نام یکتای هستی بخش درس ریزپردازنده یک گروه دکتر ثنایی جلسه اول

2. About the Course At the end of this course you will: Get familiar with 8086 and its family evolutions. Get a basic knowledge of all new microprocessors architecture. Know how to integrate projects of a single board system using 8086. Be able to implement a practical project with PC.

3. The Layers of Computer systems Added Value Increasing Hardware Software Brainware

4. Hardware Data Security Software Networking

6. The Layers of computer systems Application ERP, CRM, Billing, Customer Care IT Infrastructure Hardware (Server, Storage, Cabling, O/S, …) SUN, HP, IBM, MICROSOFT, EMC, ADIC Middleware Database, Data Flow Management, BPM,… ORACLE, CITRIX, BEA

7. PC types and usages Normal PC IPC MPCPC-104 Biscuit PC

8. Approach to a project Project S.B.CPU PC Microprocessors MicrocontrollersFPGA 8-bits 8080 8085 Z80 6800[2/4] 6502[10] 16-bits 8086 80286 MC68000 Z8000 32-bits and above 80386 80486 PENTIUM MC6820[30] … Intel Motorola 8-bits16-bits 8031/51 8032/52 8048/49 6801 6803 80196 Normal PC IPC MPC PC-104 Biscuit PC …

9. Typical Single Board CPU CPU RAM Timer/ Counter I/O PORT Serial Port A/D D/A ROM … LED 7Segment K/B LCD Stepper Motor FDD HDD Monitor Printer Another CPU … Simple Devices Complex Devices Intelligent Devices μP(8085,Z80) μC(8051,2)

10. 16-bits CPU's Advantages over 8-bits CPU: 1- Processing Speed 2-Memory Larger (More than 64KB Memory) WiderByte(8bits)Word(16bits)DWord(32bits) 3-I/OMore I/Os256B64KB New Technologies Architecture

11. 16-bits CPU's Advantages over 8-bits CPU: 5-Multi Processing 6-Software advantages Modular Programming Segmentation 4-Interrupts (INT i) Hardware Software

12. Why we need low level programming? An example USER O/S CPU BIOS UART (8250) MODEM PSTN/PSDN High Baud rate: 28800 33600 …

13. ORG 100 BethaDB7CH AlphaDB4FH GammaDW1F00H TempDS100 7CH 4FH 00H 1FH - -...... 100 101 102 103 104 105 203 100 bytes RAM Example of data structure in memory:

14. SEGMENTATION: I.V.T. Reset Address CODE DATA STACK 00000H 00400H FFFF0H FFFFFH Segment 16B < L < 64KB

15. Modular Programming:  Modular programming means that each part of a program with an “End” at the end of it, is written by a separate programmer. A End B End C End D End E End

16. Reset Execute Last inst ? Fetch Decode End No Yes 8 bit Microprocessor F1F1 E1E1 D1D1 F2F2 D2D2 E2E2 F3F3 … Pipelining F1F1 F2F2 F3F3 E1E1 E2E2 … E3E3 …

17. SP BP Si Di AHALAX BHBLBX CHCLCX DHDLDX CS (Code Seg) DS (Data Seg) ES (Extra Seg) SS (Stack Seg) IP (Inst. Pointer) Execution Unit Bus Interface Unit ALU (16) 16 015 0 Queue FIFO 20 Internal Bus (Stack Pointer) (Base Pointer) (Source index) (Destination index) Flag 015 Adder

18. 24 26 27 28 25 29 30 31 BHE/S7 ALE A18 / S5 A17 / S4 A19 / S6 A16 / S3 AD0-AD15 NMI INTR Test RD 32 MN / MX 33 Min Mode Single Processing Max Mode Multi Processing 16 VCC GND Clk Reset Ready 8284 RD1RD2 8086 QS1 RQ/GT1 RQ/GT0 Lock S2 S1 S0 QS0 Max INTA HOLD HLDA WR M/IO DEN ALE Min DT / R

19. Differences between 8086 & 8088 : 80888086 8 bit16 bitData Bus 4 byte6 byteQueue SS0BHE / S7Pin 34 IO / M Pin 28 (in Min Mode)

20. Multi processing Max mode  Loosely coupled  Closely coupled

21. Main CPU 808X 8087 Co-Processor 8089 I/O Processor S.M.

22. Resource sharing CPU 8086 80878089 I/O Processor CPU  8087 8087  CPU CPU  8089 8089  CPU RQ/GT0

23. Loosely Coupled 8086... 8289 Bus Arbitrator Shared Memory BUS

24. Min Mode H/W config : I < 1.6mA 16mA D0-D15 A0-A19 NMI INTR Test GND Clk Reset Ready 8284 RD1RD2 8086 VCC DT/R DEN MN / MX OE STB 3 * 8282 ALE A18 / S5 A16 / S3 A17 / S4 A19 / S6 BHE/S7 BHE 2 * 8286 OE DIR AD0. AD15 AD0-AD15

25. Max Mode H/W config : S0 S1 S2

26. INTA HOLD DT/R HLDA WR M/IO DEN ALE Min QS1 RQ/GT1 RQ/GT0 Lock S2 S1 S0 QS0 Max Differences between Min mode and Max mode