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THE MICROSCOPE.

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Presentation on theme: "THE MICROSCOPE."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE MICROSCOPE

2 CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON
The Function of Microscopes The Development of the Microscope Types of Microscopes Parts of the Compound Light Microscope How to Calculate Magnification How to Make a Wet Mount

3 THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES
Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Snout Nose Beetle

4 THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES
Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Paramecium

5 THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES
Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Human Hair

6 What made guessing easier? Enlarged images produced by MAGNIFICATION!
THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? What made guessing easier? Enlarged images produced by MAGNIFICATION!

7 THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES
The function of a microscope is to _______ the image of a ________ (object under study) enlarge specimen so that it is easier to see its details.

8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
It's a mammoth! Early Microscope

9 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans 100 By this time, glass had been invented and the Romans were experimenting with different ______ of glass. shapes One shape was thick in the middle and thinner at the edges.

10 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante 100 1284 They found that this "lens" could make an object appear _____. larger The word "lens" comes from the Latin word for _____ due its resemblance in shape. lentil The word lens comes from the Latin word lentil, because the shape of the lens resembles a lentil.

11 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen 100 1284 1590 This Italian is credited for using lenses to create the first wearable __________. eyeglasses The word lens comes from the Latin word lentil, because the shape of the lens resembles a lentil.

12 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek 100 1284 1590 1674 This Dutch eyeglass maker experimented with putting _______ lenses in a tube, multiple compound microscope thus creating the first _________ __________.

13 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek 100 1284 1590 1674 He built a simple _________ microscope to examine blood, yeast, insects and other small objects. single lens He was the first to describe the existence of _______ using his microscope. bacteria

14 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 He created better ways to _____ and ______ lenses grind which greatly improved the ability of the lenses to _______ the images of objects. polish magnify

15 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister Ernst Ruska 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 1931 He improved on the _________ of images sharpness by experimenting with the ________ between lenses. distances He created the prototype for the modern day ______________ __________. compound light microscope

16 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE
Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister Ernst Ruska 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 1931 He invented the ________ __________. electron microscope It used a beam of electrons, instead of visible light, to view specimens. This won him a __________ in physics in 1986. Nobel Prize

17 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses Image 3-D, real color or stain slices or whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

18 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses Human Cheek Cells Onion Cells Paramecium Image 3-D, real color or stain slices or whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

19 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

20 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses Tree Frog Embryos Wolf Spider Moth Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

21 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

22 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer Hanta Virus Mitochondrion Viral DNA Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

23 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer electrons and a computer 3-D surfaces, false color Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained whole, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x x x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment very detailed 3-D images, complex specimen preparation, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

24 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer electrons and a computer Spider Silk Snow Flake Bee Head 3-D surfaces, false color Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained whole, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x x x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment very detailed 3-D images, complex specimen preparation, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

25 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Do you know some of these parts? Label as many parts as you can using the terms provided. A revolving nosepiece B arm diaphragm F ocular lens / eyepiece G condenser C objective lenses K stage clips J body tube H L base I light source / illuminator M coarse adjustment knob D E stage fine adjustment knob

26 Did your labels look something like this?
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Did your labels look something like this? A ocular lens/eyepiece B body tube F revolving/rotating nosepiece G objective lenses C arm stage clips K stage J H coarse adjustment knob condenser L I fine adjustment knob M diaphragm light source/ illuminator E D base

27 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Ocular Lens / Eyepiece A Contains a lens to _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The usual magnification is ___ X. 10

28 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Ocular Lens / Eyepiece A Contains a lens to _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The usual magnification is ___ X. 10 Some microscopes have ___ ocular lenses. two

29 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Body Tube B It ________ the eyepiece to the objective lenses. connects It ensures the correct ________ of the microscope components alignment to correctly _____ the light from the specimen into the viewer’s eye. direct

30 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Arm C It ________ the body tube to the base. connects One ____ should be around the arm when _______ the microscope hand (the other should be under the ____). carrying base

31 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Arm C It ________ the body tube to the base. connects One ____ should be around the arm when _______ the microscope hand (the other should be under the ____). carrying base

32 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Base It ________ the weight of the microscope. supports It contains the _________ and __________. electronics light source D One hand should be _____ the base while _______ the microscope under (the other hand should be holding the arm). carrying

33 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Base It ________ the weight of the microscope. supports It contains the _________ and __________. electronics light source D One hand should be _____ the base while _______ the microscope under (the other hand should be holding the arm). carrying

34 Light Source / Illuminator
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Light Source / Illuminator It sends light _______ through the _____________ upwards E and through the ____ in the stage condenser lens hole onto the ________ on the slide. specimen

35 Light Source / Illuminator
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Light Source / Illuminator mirror It sends light _______ through the _____________ upwards E and through the ____ in the stage condenser lens hole onto the ________ on the slide. specimen Older microscopes used to use ______ to ______ the ambient light upwards. mirrors reflect

36 Revolving/Rotating Nose Piece
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Revolving/Rotating Nose Piece F The _____________ are attached to it. objective lenses _______ the nose piece allows you to _____ between the different lenses. Rotating switch

37 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Objective Lenses Low (scanning) 4 X Medium 10 X G High 40 X These lenses further _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The magnifications are usually ___ , ____ and ____ . 4 X 10 X 40 X There are usually __ lenses 3

38 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Objective Lenses G These lenses further _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The magnifications are usually ___ , ____ and ____ . 4 X 10 X 40 X There are usually __ lenses 3 but some have __ lenses. 4

39 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Objective Lenses Low Medium High G As the power increases, the magnification becomes _____ , but the field of view (visible area) becomes _______. larger smaller

40 Coarse Adjustment Knob
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Coarse Adjustment Knob H The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___ power. first low Never use it in ____ power. high

41 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Fine Adjustment Knob H I The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___ power. first low Never use it in ____ power. high The ______ knob you should use under ______ power second higher for _____ focusing. exact Both knobs move the _____ up and down stage to help put the specimen in _____. focus

42 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Fine Adjustment Knob H I Some microscopes have the two knobs located ___________________. one on top of the other The smaller one on the bottom is always the ____ adjustment knob. fine

43 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Stage J The stage is where you place the ____ which contains the ________. slide specimen It contains a ____ that allows ____ to pass through the stage and onto the specimen. hole light

44 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Stage Clips K J The stage is where you place the ____ which contains the ________. slide specimen It contains a ____ that allows ____ to pass through the stage and onto the specimen. hole light The stage clips ______ the slide on the stage. secure

45 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Condenser Lens L The lens under the stage that ___________ from the illuminator through to the ____ in the stage. focuses light hole

46 PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Diaphragm L The lens under the stage that ___________ from the illuminator through to the ____ in the stage. focuses light M hole It contains a dial that rotates to _____ the _____________ that reaches the specimen. adjust amount of light

47 HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION
To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ by the magnification of the ____________. multiply ocular lens objective lens

48 Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power
HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 1: What is the magnification using the high lens? low 4 Magnification = 10 x 4 = 40

49 Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power
HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 2: What is the magnification using the high lens? high 40 Magnification = 10 x 40 = 400

50 Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power
HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 2: What is the magnification using the medium lens? high 40 Magnification = 10 x 40 = 400

51 Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power
HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 3: What is the magnification using the medium lens? medium 10 Magnification = 10 x 10 = 100

52 HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain

53 HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles

54 HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

55 HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 Your specimen is now ready for viewing! degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

56 HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles Making Wet Mounts STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

57 The End!

58 Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science
Copyright © August 2014 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science) All rights reserved by author. This document is for personal classroom use only. This entire document, or any parts within, may not be electronically distributed or posted to any website including teacher or classroom blogs or websites.

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