1. SARMa – Sustainable Aggregates Resource Management WP3 Leader Kick off meeting 15-17 June, Region of Emilia Romagna, Bologna Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) Regional Division of central Macedonia

2. Aggregates types in EU Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in Europe, UEPG, 2006

3. Aggregates quarries in Greece

4. WP-3: Extraction and Demolition Site Level Activities Challenging targets The operational phase of aggregate quarrying runs from the first implementation of a minerals planning permission through to the completion of restoration and immediate aftercare works. The most important aspects of minimising the adverse effects of quarrying on the environment with respect to all relevant social, economic and environmental issues in both regional scale and local spatial planning. Re-use of quarry by-products produced during the extraction and processing of aggregates.

5. WP-3: Extraction and Demolition Site Level Activities Objectives (1) decreasing environmental and social impacts of quarrying and improving reclamation, (2) reducing illegal quarrying, and (3) increasing recycling, which will decrease the use of primary aggregates

6. WP-3: Extraction and Demolition Site Level Activities Contribution to SARMa Primary aggregates are essential to the continued development and maintenance of infrastructure of housing, industry and transport. To ensure their continued provision in a steady and sustainable manner it is essential that aggregate assessment and planning be carried out both nationally and locally in an effective and efficient way. Through best practise guiding, control of illegal quarrying and recycling WP3 will contribute to achieve sustainable quarry life-cycles in relation to the entire production chain of planning and design, operational and post-closure phases. The benefit of improving the knowledge base at a local level should be highlighted to optimize aggregates extraction at site level.

7. WP-3: Extraction and Demolition Site Level Activities Methodology based on 4 activities Activities will enhance information available at regional and national levels. WP3 starts at beginning of the project because it provides technical information for WP4 and WP5. Each activity has mix of partners based on their expertise, with at least six in each. Activities will be carried out in parallel and have the same methodology: analysis (case studies), synthesis, evaluations, pilot actions (in some cases), outputs (reports, guidelines, and manual) and results (local to regional events). The activities merge at the evaluation stage. Activity 3.4 develops manuals to be used for capacity building workshops and other outreach activities in WP4.

8. WP3 Task Activities 3.1: Best practices edition of manuals/guides/toolboxes towards aggregates sustainability 3.2: Illegal quarrying good communication, capacity building and stakeholder consultation to achieve social license to operate 3.3: Recycling re-use of quarry and demolition wastes. 3.4: Outreach/Communication Manuals, workshops etc

9. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices (TUC) Duration: 05/2009-10/2010 Objectives: a) collect information on best practices and failures for aggregates extraction, e.g. environmental management, assessment of aggregate resource/uses information; b) develop guidelines for post quarrying restoration/land use; c) determine impediments to best practice, e.g. lack of knowledge, regulatory blocks; d) prepare recommendations for industry and government actions to encourage best practice e.g. LCA study approaches (?)

10. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Role of each partner TUC will lead activity, and partners are IGME, ER, Parma, FGG, MINGORP, and RGF. Each partner involved will provide analysis of its own case studies (region) where several quarries will be examined. Partners will jointly work on synthesis, evaluation, outputs and results. Partners will prepare regional events (Croatia & BiH together, Greece, Romania, Albania, Italy).

11. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Geographical location GR: Laka, Mandalos,Araxos, IT : Lanca dei Francesi, SP: Fruska gora, RO: Iacobdeal, Luminita-Tasaul, HR: Terstenik

12. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Description of pilot sites/LAKA-GR Type of aggregate: Gravel and sand Peculiarities: Mainly superficial quartz deposits of particle size ranges, 0.0625 mm<sand<4 mm; 4 mm<gravel<64 mm. Production residues / quarry wastes of mainly clay and silt; inert or non-hazardous; considerable variation in production rates from a few percent up to 30% of total mined material; Quarry by-product fines from sand and gravel pits vary enormously, but production percentages fall within 5 to 15%. Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: Re- utilization of an abandoned gravel mine situated in Laka area in the region of Pella. The mine was operable since 1960 until a few years ago but unfortunately it was shut down. The mine has a great significance for the local development. By implementing a pilot action through the activity 3.1, in the framework of the WP3 it will be possible to reach and adopt best practise operations and sustainable management. It should also be mentioned that 1300 hectares of the Laka deposit was subjected to illegal quarrying and needs to be restored. Development of a database of legal and illegal quarries and mines.

13. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Description of pilot sites/MANDALOS-GR Type of aggregate: Basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks Peculiarities: Production residues characteristics with large variation in size, very large oversize blocks and very fine undersize particles; inert / non- hazardous. Igneous rocks produce between 10 to 30% fines. Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: The Sustainable Use of High Specification Aggregates for Skid-Resistant Road and Railway Surfacing is of frequent request amongst local stakeholders. The Mandalos quarry is one of the few sites where igneous rock aggregates extraction is in operation.

14. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Description of pilot sites/ARAXOS-GR Type of aggregate: Limestone quarry owned by AKTOR, a major construction company in Greece, which has an observer role in SARMa. Peculiarities: Production residues composition: similar to rock, but with higher quantities of chert and clay; some streams may also contain small amounts of vein materials. Variable quantities depending on the local topography and geology; non-hazardous. Limestone quarrying generates around 20-25% fines. Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: All available information concerning current operational and production phases as well as related environmental and societal issues of the Araxos limestone aggregates quarry, show that a new more resource efficient sustainable way of management is required.

15. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Description of pilot sites/Lanca dei Francesi Type of aggregate: Fluvial sand Peculiarities: The quarry is located within the Po River overbanks, in a flat land that can be occasionally submerged during river floods. The quarry started to operate in 2003. The amounts extracted during five years were:1.000.000 m3 of sand and 290.000 m3 of clay.. Restoration included the creation differentiated humid zones. The sand is used in foundries and the clay in tiles. No processing is taking place. The sand goes to the local or provincial market. There is no waste Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: In 2007 the Province of Parma applied better restoration of the quarrying sites in the Po river banks according to the regional guide lines. This concerns about 1.250.000 m3 of sand 250.000 m3 of clay

16. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Work to be undertaken on pilot sites Geological mapping, and aggregates resource evaluation, potential and sustainability Efficiency of Primary Aggregates Production e.g. water & energy consumption, transport Extraction vs environmental management and pre-, syn -, and post-quarrying restoration & land use Legal monitoring and environmental impacts as viewed by local/regional authorities Waste management Market research e.g. potential applications, products demand and availability vs local/regional needs

17. Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly extraction practices Deliverables/Outputs Best practices collected from the pilot areas and elsewhere will become fully operational towards resource efficiency. Best practise manuals will be printed and disseminated Operational guidelines and recommendations for industry and government Creation of database of legal and illegal quarries Manual on environmentally friendly practises for the industry aiming to implement tools for sustainable extraction of aggregate resources

18. 3.2. Illegal quarrying (IGR) Objectives (07/2009-12/2010 ) a) case studies (5 regions) on illegal quarrying; identify incentives and problems, b) legal and illegal quarrying workshops; interested groups can share preferences, knowledge and experiences, and develop c) recommendations on socially acceptable, life cycle quarrying; d) database of illegal quarries (pilot action), and e) high-efficiency techniques for quarry monitoring The benefit of improving the knowledge base at a local level should be highlighted

19. 3.2. Illegal quarrying Role of each partner IGR is lead, with partners: METE, Pella and IGME, MINGORP, ER, and Parma. Partners will monitor both illegal quarries (those with no permissions, e.g., in Albania) and illegal activities at legal quarries (actions outside legally bonding framework, e.g., in Emilia-Romagna). Pilot action: Test design/structure of database on illegal quarries in Albania.

20. 3.2. Illegal quarrying Geographical location RO: Gostavatu, GR: Laka, IT: Taro River, AL: Fushe Kruje, HR: Terstenik

21. 3.2. Illegal quarrying Methodology Effective and regular dissemination of information to particular stakeholder groups. Developing mechanisms to increase communication and discussion between stakeholders. Training courses and quarry visits. Remote monitoring of illegal quarrying Good communication, capacity building and stakeholder consultation to achieve social license to operate

22. 3.2. Illegal quarrying Work to be carried out Implementation of case studies (in five regions) on illegal quarrying, identifying incentives (legal, social, economic) for the activity, as well as problems associated therewith. Implementation of facilitated community engagement workshops on quarrying, both legal and illegal, in which a range of stakeholders will participate and share their opinions, preferences, knowledge and experience. The importance of good communication and stakeholder consultation will be highlighted throughout the planning system, particularly at the local level. Preparation of recommendations for socially acceptable quarrying over the full life cycle based on content of the best practice manuals and outcome of the workshops

23. 3.2. Illegal quarrying Deliverables/Outputs Report on 5 case study areas: ALB, ROM, HR, GR, IT Creation of database framework of legal and illegal quarries Provision of recommendations for socially acceptable quarrying Action plan for social licence to mine Validation of implementation rules for avoiding illegal quarrying

24. 3.3. Recycling (ANPAR) Duration: 07/2009-12/2010 Objectives a) preparation of life cycle analyses of primary and secondary aggregates used in construction, transportations infrastructure, etc. and disposed of in land fills or by recycling, etc.; b) determine impediments to recycling and use of secondary materials; c) prepare recommendations for quarry waste management, d) preparation of C&D waste manual.

25. Natural vs recycled aggregates Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in Europe, UEPG, 2006

26. 3.3. Recycling Role of each partner Anpar will provide expertise on recycling schemes and policy, and application of life cycle analysis to mineral waste/by-products recycling. Anpar and partners (IGME, IGR, GeoZS, METE) will provide case study locations and collaborate on preparation of recommendations and other joint tasks. Anpar will provide manual on conduct of life cycle analyses.

27. 3.3. Recycling Geographical location AL: Fushe Kruje, GR: Vermio, Vavdos/Gerakini, Laka, Mandalos, Araxos, IT: Nerviano, Legnano RO: Moldova Noua, Deva SI: V. Pirešica, Sežana, Hotavlje, Dogoše, Novo mesto, Stahovica

28. 3.3. Recycling Description of pilot sites/Vavdos- Gerakini Type of aggregate: Dunitic leftovers after magnesite quarrying Peculiarities: Large volume of unprocessed waste containing high value industrial minerals; commonly used in construction applications; market would be located in close proximity. quarry scalpings; quarry blocks; Fill, low grade road stone, armour stone. Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: Voluminous amounts of igneous rock wastes/residues which can be used as aggregates and other applications in this way contributing to resource efficiency and sustainability.

29. 3.3. Recycling Description of pilot sites/Nerviano Ecoter (plant 1), Legnano Ecoter (plant 2) Type of aggregate: Recycled aggregate Peculiarities: These two twin plants represent two of the best aggregate recycling facilities in Italy.The plants are equipped with very high level technology machineries and produce 150 kt/y (each) of CE marked recycled aggregates. They have an internal laboratory to control the quality of the materials produced (6 types of aggregates: 0/6, 0/16, 0/30, 16/30 and 0/70).For the collection on site they developed a special system based on mobile containers sited on the city building yards. Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: The recycling centres might represent best practice examples to be exported to other SEE countries.

30. 3.3. Recycling Options and tasks to be paid attention and carried out mapping, quantification, characterization, feasibility providing an overview of production figures and mitigation practices valuable alternative materials for use in a variety of end products, and bound and unbound applications do not necessarily behave in a way similar to conventional primary aggregates need to develop fit-for-purpose specifications limestone, 20-25%; sandstone 35%; igneous rocks, 10 to 30%; sand and gravel 5 to 15%

31. 3.3. Recycling Deliverables/Outputs Reports on life cycle analyses of aggregates/case studies: GR, IT, SLO, ALB, RO including the whole operational chain of quarry- life (planning and design, and operational and post-closure phases). Provision of recommendations for consumer, industry and government actions.

32. Waste needs a market Aggregate, landfill: local market Industrial minerals: regional/national/inter-national market (depending on value) Armour stone: close to harbour Environmental stone: local/regional? Easiest for quarries in populated areas!

33. 3.3. Recycling Sustainability aspects need for a steady stream of mineral planning permissions for new quarries and for extensions of existing operations. need to improve the sustainability of quarry operations in terms of reducing quarry fines production and reductions in energy and water consumption. improve aggregate reserve definition by use of better, more accurate, exploration and assessment techniques. minimise fines production through carefully selected or modified crushing and screening circuits. transport of aggregate from a quarry or other source to the point of use is essential affecting communities in the vicinity of transport routes and infrastructure and the global environment as it is estimated that transport accounts for between 20% and 40% of the total carbon dioxide emissions generated by the aggregate industry as a whole. Alternatives to road transport are limited. The SARMa project will contribute to improving knowledge and practice and reducing the adverse environmental effects of transport.

34. 3.4:Outreach /Communication Objectives Preparation of a manual synthesizing reports and recommendations from each site level activity. It will explain requirements for and actions needed to enhance resource efficiency in quarrying at local level.

35. 3.4:Outreach /Communication Role of each partner All group members will be involved. Manuals will be used in workshops of WP2 and all partners will disseminate them. They will be printed in English and local languages of countries involved.

36. WP3 Time frame (first 15 months) M0-M6: operational evaluation and legal and waste use aspects of the selected aggregates producing pilot areas along with complementary field work. Inventory and relevant data base approaches M6-M7: technical meeting of WP3 to assess the current state of the local quarry sites operations and discussions for “sustainable” improvements M7-M15: results local/regional scale exploitation along with case-by-case edition of best practice guides and related SDI/LCA achievements

37. Thank you for your attention narvanitidis@thes.igme.gr Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME ) Regional Division of central Macedonia