1. Go to Section: Water, Water Everywhere If you have ever seen a photograph of Earth from space, you know that much of the planet is covered by water. Water makes life on Earth possible. If life as we know it exists on some other planet, water must be present to support that life. Section 2-2 Interest Grabber

2. Go to Section: 1. Working with a partner, make a list of ten things that have water in them. 2. Exchange your list for the list of another pair of students. Did your lists contain some of the same things? Did anything on the other list surprise you? 3. Did either list contain any living things? Section 2-2 Interest Grabber continued

3. Go to Section: Objective: You will be able to differentiate between inorganic and organic compounds. Do Now:  Read all of page 44  Explain why carbon can create so many different kinds of molecules

4. Go to Section: Inorganic versus Organic compounds

5. Go to Section: Types of Organic Compounds  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Proteins  Nucleic Acids

6. Go to Section: 6 C Carbon 12.011 Section 2-1 An Element in the Periodic Table

7. Go to Section: Molecular Diversity Arising from Carbon Skeleton Variation H H H H H H H H H H H HHH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH HH HH HHH H HH HH H H H H H H H C C CCC CCCCCCC CCCCCCCC C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H (a) Length (b) Branching (c) Double bonds (d) Rings Ethane Propane Butane 2-methylpropane (commonly called isobutane) 1-Butene2-Butene Cyclohexane Benzene HH HHH Figure 4.5 A-D

8. Go to Section:

12. Objective: You will be able to describe the structure and function of carbohydrates Do Now:  Read “Macromolecules” on p. 45  Differentiate between monomers and polymers

13. Go to Section: Functions –Readily available source of energy –Energy storage –Strong building materials

14. Go to Section: Structure –Consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Hydrogen and oxygen are always in a 2:1 ratio –Can have a linear or a ring structure

15. Go to Section: Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers

16. Go to Section: Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis

17. Go to Section: Starch Glucose Section 2-3 Figure 2-13 A Starch

18. Go to Section: Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides

19. Go to Section: Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide: exoskeleton and surgical thread

20. Go to Section: Lipids have several functions:  Long term energy storage  Make up cell membranes  Work as steroids

21. Go to Section: Structure of Lipids  Consists of one glycerol and three fatty acids  Fatty acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen  Greater than 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

22. Go to Section: Figure 5.10 The synthesis and structure of a fat, or triacylglycerol

23. Go to Section:

24. Figure 5.11 Examples of saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids

25. Go to Section: Figure 5.14 Cholesterol, a steroid

26. Go to Section: Objective: You will be able to describe the structure and function of nucleic acids. Do Now: Read “Nucleic Acids” on p. 47 List the parts of a nucleotide

27. Go to Section: Nitrogenous base Nucleoside O O OO OO P CH 2 5’C 3’C Phosphate group Pentose sugar (b) Nucleotide Figure 5.26 O

28. Go to Section: 1 2 3 Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus Movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore Synthesis of protein NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA mRNA Ribosome Amino acids Polypeptide mRNA Figure 5.25

29. Go to Section:

30. General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids Amino groupCarboxyl group

31. Go to Section: General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids Amino groupCarboxyl group

32. Go to Section: Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of which contain Section 2-3 Concept Map CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins Sugars and starches Fats and oilsNucleotidesAmino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

33. Go to Section: General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids Amino groupCarboxyl group

34. Go to Section: Amino acids Section 2-3 Figure 2-17 A Protein

35. Go to Section: Matter and Energy Have you ever sat around a campfire or watched flames flicker in a fireplace? The burning of wood is a chemical reaction—a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. A chemical reaction always involves changes in chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds. The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are called reactants. The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are called products. As wood burns, molecules of cellulose are broken down and combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor, and energy is released. Section 2-4 Interest Grabber

36. Go to Section: 1. What are the reactants when wood burns? 2. What are the products when wood burns? 3. What kinds of energy are given off when wood burns? 4. Wood doesn’t burn all by itself. What must you do to start a fire? What does this mean in terms of energy? 5. Once the fire gets started, it keeps burning. Why don’t you need to keep restarting the fire? Section 2-4 Interest Grabber continued

37. Go to Section: 2–4Chemical Reactions and Enzymes A.Chemical Reactions B.Energy in Reactions 1.Energy Changes 2.Activation Energy C.Enzymes D.Enzyme Action 1.The Enzyme-Substrate Complex 2.Regulation of Enzyme Activity Section 2-4 Section Outline

38. Go to Section: Reaction pathway without enzyme Activation energy without enzyme Activation energy with enzyme Reaction pathway with enzyme Reactants Products Section 2-4 Effect of Enzymes

39. Go to Section: Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction Products Activation energy Activation energy Reactants Section 2-4 Figure 2-19 Chemical Reactions

40. Go to Section: Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction Products Activation energy Activation energy Reactants Section 2-4 Figure 2-19 Chemical Reactions

41. Go to Section: Glucose Substrates ATP Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme (hexokinase) ADP Products Glucose-6- phosphate Products are released Section 2-4 Figure 2-21 Enzyme Action Active site

42. Go to Section: Glucose Substrates ATP Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme (hexokinase) ADP Products Glucose-6- phosphate Products are released Section 2-4 Figure 2-21 Enzyme Action Active site

43. Go to Section: Glucose Substrates ATP Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme (hexokinase) ADP Products Glucose-6- phosphate Products are released Section 2-4 Figure 2-21 Enzyme Action Active site

44. Go to Section: Glucose Substrates ATP Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme (hexokinase) ADP Products Glucose-6- phosphate Products are released Section 2-4 Figure 2-21 Enzyme Action Active site

45. Video Contents Videos Click a hyperlink to choose a video. Atomic Structure Energy Levels and Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Enzymatic Reactions

46. Internet Career links on forensic scientists Interactive test Articles on organic chemistry For links on properties of water, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-1022.www.SciLinks.org For links on enzymes, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-1024.www.SciLinks.org Go Online