1. Get out your HW and in your notes, DO NOW. If you don’t know write down the questions… What is pollution? What is pollution? What is nonpoint source pollution? Give an example or two. What is nonpoint source pollution? Give an example or two. What is point source pollution? Examples? What is point source pollution? Examples?

2. Water Pollution Anything that enters a waterway that is harmful to the quality of that water and harms organisms that live there. Anything that enters a waterway that is harmful to the quality of that water and harms organisms that live there.

3. Point vs. Nonpoint Point source pollution: Comes from a specific, identifiable source, such as pipe, tank, pit, ditch or channel to a body of water. The bulk of point source pollution comes from wastewater discharge from power plants or large industrial plants. Point source pollution: Comes from a specific, identifiable source, such as pipe, tank, pit, ditch or channel to a body of water. The bulk of point source pollution comes from wastewater discharge from power plants or large industrial plants. Nonpoint source pollution: Comes from a diffuse source rather than one specific source. Usually nonpoint source pollution comes from storm water run offs from large land areas which may contaminate the surface and ground water over a large area. Nonpoint source pollution: Comes from a diffuse source rather than one specific source. Usually nonpoint source pollution comes from storm water run offs from large land areas which may contaminate the surface and ground water over a large area.

10. Major Pollutants in PA Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) when water gets into abandoned strip mines reacting with exposed minerals. The mineral makes the water very acidic (low pH). Acidic waters kill most organisms Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) when water gets into abandoned strip mines reacting with exposed minerals. The mineral makes the water very acidic (low pH). Acidic waters kill most organisms

11. Acid Rain Gases released from the burning of fossil fuels combine with rain making the rain acidic. The rain water gets into our waterways. Gases released from the burning of fossil fuels combine with rain making the rain acidic. The rain water gets into our waterways.

12. Industrial Discharge When industries dump waste water or hot water in water ways. Metals, diseases causing organisms, and other toxic substances kill off aquatic life. When industries dump waste water or hot water in water ways. Metals, diseases causing organisms, and other toxic substances kill off aquatic life.

13. Litter People throw trash, dump oil, and other pollutants into waterways People throw trash, dump oil, and other pollutants into waterways

14. Runoff from impervious surfaces Road salts, oils and other pollutants run off into water ways Road salts, oils and other pollutants run off into water ways

15. Agricultural Runoff When rain water carries soil, fertilizers, or pesticides into a waterway. When rain water carries soil, fertilizers, or pesticides into a waterway. Leading cause of pollution in PA. Leading cause of pollution in PA. Soil (silt) can clog the gills of fish and cloud the water Soil (silt) can clog the gills of fish and cloud the water

16. Eutrophication Fertilizers can causes algae to overpopulated which then dies and takes out Dissolved Oxygen. Fertilizers can causes algae to overpopulated which then dies and takes out Dissolved Oxygen.

17. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Dissolved Oxygen- Oxygen mixed with water available for fish and other organisms to use in the aquatic environment. DO put into the water 2 ways: Dissolved Oxygen- Oxygen mixed with water available for fish and other organisms to use in the aquatic environment. DO put into the water 2 ways: Photosynthesis- plants and plankton create oxygen from the suns energy Photosynthesis- plants and plankton create oxygen from the suns energy Diffusion- Water mixes with air when it falls over rocks and waterfalls increasing the level of D.O. Diffusion- Water mixes with air when it falls over rocks and waterfalls increasing the level of D.O.

18. DO continued Standing or slow moving bodies of water have less D.O. than fast moving water bodies. Standing or slow moving bodies of water have less D.O. than fast moving water bodies. Example Example Example

19. Which likely has more D.O. and why?

20. What about the fish tank? What adds DO? What adds DO? What takes it away? What takes it away?

21. Pesticide Pesticide - any chemical used to kill pests Pesticide - any chemical used to kill pests insecticide - kills insects insecticide - kills insects herbicide - kills plants herbicide - kills plants

22. Pests Pest - Any organism that is destructive or annoying (mostly weed and insects). Pest - Any organism that is destructive or annoying (mostly weed and insects). Examples: mosquitoes carry malaria, grasshopper destroys crop, rats carry disease. Examples: mosquitoes carry malaria, grasshopper destroys crop, rats carry disease.

23. Problems- Bioaccumulation Pesticides bioaccumulate- pesticides are absorbed and accumulate in the fat of animals through the food chain. Pesticides bioaccumulate- pesticides are absorbed and accumulate in the fat of animals through the food chain.

24. Problems: DDT DDT was very persistent and affects bird reproduction through bioaccumulation. DDT was very persistent and affects bird reproduction through bioaccumulation. Some eggs didn’t develop or the eggs shells were very thin causing them to crack. Some eggs didn’t develop or the eggs shells were very thin causing them to crack. Bald eagles and ospreys became endangered. Bald eagles and ospreys became endangered.

25. How do the following pictures make you feel about DDT?

35. Malaria Malaria kills more than a million people worldwide each year—90 percent of them in Africa; 70 percent children under the age of five. Malaria kills more than a million people worldwide each year—90 percent of them in Africa; 70 percent children under the age of five.

41. You Decide… Do the risks out weigh the benefits? Do the risks out weigh the benefits?