1. APES LE Chapter 1

2. Do Now; Please drop off your: Journals Outline of Chapter 1 and appendix

3. Biology The study of living thingsThe study of living things Living things are known as organismsLiving things are known as organisms From the Greek root BiosFrom the Greek root Bios

4. 1.1 Life’s Levels of Organization Atom Molecule Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Population (organism) Community Ecosystem Biosphere

5. Organism Tissue: Groups of Cells Cells Molecules Individual living thing Tissues, organs, and organ systems Smallest functional unit of life Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Bison Nervous tissue Nervous system Brain Nerve cell Water DNA Levels Of Organization

6. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Community and its nonliving surroundings Populations that live together in a defined area Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Biosphere Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Bison herd Levels of Organization

7. What are Characteristics of life?? 1.Made Up of Cells 2.Reproduction 3.Based on a Genetic Code DNADNA 4.Growth and Development 5.Need for Materials and Energy metabolismmetabolism 6.Response to the Environment 7.Maintaining Internal Balance homeostasishomeostasis 8.Evolution

8. Do Now: Please Copy this diagram into your piece notebook Characteristics of life

9. What are Characteristics of life??Made Up of Cells Reproduction Based on a Genetic Code Growth and Development Need for Materials and Energy Evolution MaintainingInternalBalance Responds to the Environment Characteristics of life

10. What is not Evolution?

11. CharacteristicExamples Living things are made up of units called cells. Living things reproduce. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Living things grow and develop. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Living things respond to their environment. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over time. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert. Section 1-3 1.2 Overview of Life’s Unity

12. The Virus Conundrum Why is a virus not considered a living organism??

13. Why does the scientific community have difficulty defining a virus as being alive?

14. 1.2 Overview of Life’s Unity A.Characteristics of Living Things 1.Made Up of Cells 2.Reproduction 3.Based on a Genetic Code 4.Growth and Development 5.Need for Materials and Energy metabolismmetabolism 6.Response to the Environment 7.Maintaining Internal Balance 8.Evolution

15. 5. The Need for Materials and Energy Each normal living cell has ways to obtain and convert energy from its surroundingsEach normal living cell has ways to obtain and convert energy from its surroundings Re: your metabolism is more then eating!!!! but Re: your metabolism is more then eating!!!! but Producers can synthesize their own food from simple raw materials.Producers can synthesize their own food from simple raw materials. (autotrophs) (autotrophs) Green Plants, Algae Green Plants, Algae Consumers Cannot synthesize their own foodConsumers Cannot synthesize their own food (Heterotrophs) (Heterotrophs) Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, DECOMPOSERS Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, DECOMPOSERS

16. Producers Producers Making their own food 10% Rule Materials and Energy 10% Rule Consumers +Decomposers Energy output Energy Input Nutrient Cycles

17. 6. Response to the Environment Receptors and the stimuli they receive allow controlled responses to be made: Receptors and the stimuli they receive allow controlled responses to be made: heat and cold,heat and cold, harmful substances,harmful substances, Varying food supplies.Varying food supplies. Homeostasis refers to a state in which the conditions of the “internal environment” are maintained within tolerable limits. Homeostasis refers to a state in which the conditions of the “internal environment” are maintained within tolerable limits. Increased sugar causes insulin release, which stimulates cells to take up sugar.Increased sugar causes insulin release, which stimulates cells to take up sugar. Decreased blood sugar causes another hormone to call on stored sugar reserves.Decreased blood sugar causes another hormone to call on stored sugar reserves.

18. B. ALL living organisms must carry out ALL 8 life functions Nutrition Transport Respiration Excretion Synthesis Growth Regulation Reproduction

19. Theories v. Law Scientific Law- statement that describes some aspect of a phenomena of nature. Irrefutable: that is always true. Theories: well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

20. Theories once accepted The world was?? Geocentric model: Every revolves around us Aristotle's theory that the heavier object falls faster than a lighter object History of Animals “Males have more teeth then females” Spontaneous generation Phrenology Brontosaurus or Apatosaurus? ??? Homo habilis  H, erectus  H. sapien

21. The Cell The cell is the basic unit of life. The cell is the basic unit of life. Smallest living unit (that is known) Smallest living unit (that is known) Yet Scientists still Question: Yet Scientists still Question: VirusesViruses PrionPrion Most cells contain organelles (tiny organs) Most cells contain organelles (tiny organs) nucleus nucleus

22. The Cell Theory Three Principles, The cell: Is the basic unit of life. Is the basic unit of structure and function Is the basic unit of structure and function Comes from pre-existing cells Comes from pre-existing cells Three Exceptions: The first cell The first cell Viruses Viruses Some self replicating organelles Some self replicating organelles Chloroplast and mitochondria Chloroplast and mitochondria

23. Scientific Inquiry

24. Observation v. Inference Provide 5 observations

25. Observation v. Inference Provide 5 observations

26. Scientific Method An systematic approach to problems solving: 1. Defining the problem 2. Formulating a hypothesis 3. Testing the hypothesis 4. Recording observations 5. State a conclusion (sometime edit your hypothesis)

27. Defining the problem Hypothesis – a possible explanation for events. Experimentation (Testing the hypothesis) 1. Control group (no change) a source for comparison 2. Experimental group (contains 2 variables) *Independent Variable (Manipulated) *Dependent Variable (responding) #’s State a conclusion

28. Testing out a new Antibiotic??

29. American Coot Who Do I like Better?

30. End, for this chapter

31. What makes them similar?

32. Pics and Extra slides