1. TRP Chapter 5.3 1 Chapter 5.3 Safe operations and safety management

2. TRP Chapter 5.3 2 Risks of hazardous waste management

3. TRP Chapter 5.3 3 Site safety recommendations Plant layout Operating procedures and systems of work Plant safety and training officer Training of operators Housekeeping and maintenance Operator hygiene Emergency procedures Safety analysis Worker protection

4. TRP Chapter 5.3 4 Plant layout Need careful design of: Process flow lines Storage areas Work spaces Create restricted areas Source: Safe hazardous waste management systems ISWA 2002

5. TRP Chapter 5.3 5 Operating procedures and systems of work Standardisation of operating procedures: Working procedures for every function Tested and regularly reviewed/revised Set out in manual Employees informed Use of procedures required and monitored

6. TRP Chapter 5.3 6 Plant safety and training officer Medium and large companies should appoint an officer responsible for: conducting regular safety audits identifying deficiencies in operating procedures ensuring that operators are properly trained and equipped Small businesses may not be able to justify the appointment of a full time officer, but could designate someone on a part time basis

7. TRP Chapter 5.3 7 Training of operators Experienced personnel should undertake training Training should cover: Working procedures Safety precautions Emergency procedures Any changes in waste or procedures Training should be: Supported by written material for later reference Regularly updated An ongoing process, not a single event

8. TRP Chapter 5.3 8 Housekeeping and maintenance Need schedules for regular: cleaning maintenance Good housekeeping involves simple but important procedures to keep areas clean and tidy Maintenance programme helps prevent unexpected failures

9. TRP Chapter 5.3 9 Operator hygiene Operators must observe basic rules of hygiene: remove dirty overalls/work clothes before leaving site use washing/shower facilities before leaving the site avoid eating in work areas keep hands away from the face at all times, minimising risk of eye contact or ingestion of chemicals

10. TRP Chapter 5.3 10 Emergency procedures To ensure prompt and appropriate response, site-specific emergency procedures should: be in place be regularly practised be displayed at relevant points include plans for site evacuation Emergency equipment should: include fire fighting & first aid materials be in good condition be frequently checked

11. TRP Chapter 5.3 11 Safety analysis To identify possible malfunctions and their consequences Problem characterisation Identification of potential hazards and failure modes Quantification of probability of occurrences Quantification of possible consequences Assessment of the range of risks Recommendations for hazard mitigation, improved safety and emergency response

12. TRP Chapter 5.3 12 Safety goals Individual risk for nearest neighbours Collective risk for community Occupational risk for employees

13. TRP Chapter 5.3 13 Identification of failure cases The check list method The hazard and operability study The fault-tree analysis

14. TRP Chapter 5.3 14 Safety procedures for personnel Individuals at most risk: hazardous waste handlers Risks greater if workers are careless or untrained, or working conditions poor Safety procedures needed for all aspects Information needed for all personnel on: risks involved with different types of waste routes of exposure methods of avoidance emergency measures consequences of not following safety procedures their own responsibilities

15. TRP Chapter 5.3 15 Training Experienced personnel should give training Training should cover: Working procedures Safety precautions Emergency procedures Any changes in waste or procedures Training should be: Supported by written material for later reference Regularly updated An ongoing process, not a single event

16. TRP Chapter 5.3 16 Worker accidents Nature of injury caused by accidents in hazardous waste collection and transport (n=38) Source:PÄIVI RAHKONEN, Work safety in waste collection and transport of hazardous wastes, 1992

17. TRP Chapter 5.3 17 Accident prevention - general guidelines Smoking should be prohibited Hazardous waste should be identified as soon as possible so that it can be classified correctly An emergency shower and telephone should be provided Containers should be kept tightly closed Packaging material should have low moisture absorption Heavy articles should be stored on a firm base Employees should not work alone Different kinds of hazardous wastes should be stored in different containers A refrigerator or cold room should be provided in summer to prevent wastes overheating

18. TRP Chapter 5.3 18 Transport accident prevention - guidelines Brake must be set and the engine turned off Appropriate hazard and warning labels should be used No smoking, drugs or alcohol All tailgates, closures and the cargo must be secured Provide telephone at the collection & delivery points, in truck Drivers should not exceed a set number of hours per day Protective clothing & equipment should be used if necessary Trucks should be provided with first-aid equipment and an appropriate fire extinguisher for the load, and training should be provided for its use Earthing of equipment helps avoid explosions resulting from static electricity

19. TRP Chapter 5.3 19 Medical surveillance Personnel working with hazardous waste should be given regular medical examinations to check: –Overall fitness and strength –Heart condition –Pulmonary function They should be provided with: Immunisation programme Good nutrition First aid equipment & antidotes to toxic substances

20. TRP Chapter 5.3 20 Environmental monitoring Air monitoring Surface and groundwater quality (WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water – 1993) Soil sampling Plus: good housekeeping prompt clean up of spills

21. TRP Chapter 5.3 21 Worker protection Basic requirement: gloves overalls hard hats safe footwear Additional equipment: safety glasses long sleeves long trousers chemical gloves chemical resistant overalls face protection

22. TRP Chapter 5.3 22 Respiratory protection A primary health and safety consideration Two hazard groups: Oxygen deficiency Air contamination (by particulates, vapours, gases or a combination) Two basic types of respirators: Air purifying (APR) Atmosphere supplying (ASR)

23. TRP Chapter 5.3 23 Chapter 5.3 Summary Hazardous waste management has inherent risks Safe operations and safety management require systems to address: Plant layout Operating procedures and systems of work, including housekeeping and maintenance Training of operators eg in operator hygiene, use of protective clothing Emergency procedures Accident prevention Environmental monitoring