1.  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) -  Jim Crow Laws - Segregation in the North  de facto / de jure -  “ghetto” -  “the black belt” - WWII – 70,000 -

2.  N.A.A.C.P. -  Brown v. Board of Education (1954) -  Thurgood Marshall -  The “Southern Manifesto” -  White Citizens Councils -  “The Little Rock Nine” -

3. Segregation & Education

4. The Philosophy of Nonviolence  Jesus, Thoreau, Gandhi  civil-disobedience  breaking unjust laws  peaceful nonviolence  mass protest

5. Tools of Non-Violence  boycotts  sit-ins  fill the jails  passive resistance  examples of injustice  people’s movement -

6. The Philosophy of Nonviolence

7. Freedom Summer, 1964 http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/search/asse tDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=CF510AE7-5B06-45EB- 87A4-5ECEA1865706

8.  Montgomery Bus Boycott (’55)  Rosa Parks  MLK jr. –  SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference MLK jr. is president  SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

9. Alabama, 1963

10. March on Washington, 1963

11.  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 – banned - created EEOC –  Voting Rights Act of 1965 – marks a turn –  Stokely Carmichael – “black power” -  black nationalism – Marcus Garvey (20s) –  Black Panthers -  Malcolm X – Nation of Islam