1. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

2. COMMON CELL TRAITS
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

3. COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

4. Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells without membrane-bound structures
EX: bacteria
pond scum

5. Eukaryotic Cells (yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells with membrane-bound structures
EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

6. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

7. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function:
Holds the DNA
Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions for everything the cell does
Parts:
Nucleolus:
dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane:
separates nucleus from cytoplasm
controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

8. Cell Membrane Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall
Function: Protects the cell, and allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

9. Cytoplasm gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows
Also known as protoplasm

10. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

11. Ribosomes Ribosomes Function: makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

13. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Go to Section:

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Types:
Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids

15. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to Section:

16. Golgi bodies Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes

17. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to Section:

18. Lysosomes Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body.“
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: digest things; digest food or break down the cell when it dies.
Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts

19. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

20. Mitochondria Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy production
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

22. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

23. Centrioles
Centrioles: cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules.
Function: found in animal cells and play a role in cell division.

24. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

25. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

26. Vacuoles Vacuoles Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts

27. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

28. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

29. Chloroplasts

30. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to Section:

31. Cell Wall
Cell Wall
Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
Is made of cellulose
Found in plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.

32. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

33. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells