1. Administrative: “Design New Game” Project Apply the principles of Iterative Design –First run of games in class: March 28 th in class Short document describing: goal + operational rules (1-2 pages) Main point: bring a working prototype Class will be given a questionnaire evaluating the game Answered questionnaire will be returned to game designers (questions about meaningful play) Game designers modify game as they see fit

2. Administrative: “Design New Game” Project (2) Apply the principles of Iterative Design –Final deadline: April 20 th in class Short document describing: goal + operational rules (1-2 pages) Final working game Class will be given a questionnaire evaluating the game Answered questionnaire will be returned to instructor (questions about meaningful play) –Document deadline: April 24 th in class (see next slide) –Announcement about final exam exemption: April 25 th (per e-mail)

3. Talking Points “Design New Game” Document Note: always justify your assertions by pointing to material from class/book Length: 7-10 pages Describe the game: what it does (operational rules, idea) Overall game: meaningful play? Game as system: –Explain the 4 elements (attributes, etc) for the game Interactivity –Map the anatomy of choice: answer the five questions for the game After thought: things you would have done differently

4. Final Thought “Design New Game” Avoid worst-case scenario: spending time on this project and still need to do Final Exam Start working on the two projects now  Reward: one less exam to worry about  And have fun creating your own game!

5. Complexity and Emergence in Games (Ch. 14)

6. Deterministic Games Every player’s action has a single pre-determined outcome?  Yes: Deterministic game ActionOne and only one outcome

7. Chance Games Every player’s action has a single pre-determined outcome?  No: Chance game A B Action: A cast a damage spell on B Outcome: B blocks spell with 20% chances If B does not block spell, then damage dealt to B is randomly choose between 25%- 40% of player’s B health points Action outcome 1 outcome 2 … (We don’t know which until action is performed)

8. Perfect Information Games Does the player knows all information about the current state of the game?  Yes: perfect information game

9. Imperfect Information Games Does the player knows all information about the current state of the game?  No: imperfect information game

10. Categories of Digital Games (from “Artificial Intelligence” perspective) Perfect information Imperfect information Deterministic Chance Chess FPS Civilization Borderline games that could be classified either way? It is going to happen unless we use math As usual just provide a clear explanation Chutes and Ladders

11. Systems and Complexity Reminder: –What is a system? –Why can game be viewed as systems? System’s Complexity: ways in which parts interact within a system Four categories of system’s complexity: –Fixed –Periodic –Complex –Chaotic (this is not computational complexity, which studies how hard is for computers to solve a given problem)

12. Complexity and Meaningful Play Are these two related? –What happens if there is no relation between play elements? Example : Grid game –Lets add complexity: relations between play elements Does it achieves meaningful play? Ways parts interact within a system Discernable and integrated actions

13. Emergence Behavior of the overall system is greater than its parts Example: simple operational rules but vary and unpredictable results vary and unpredictable results Obvious example: complex operational rules and operational rules Pong Warcraft (is it simple?)

14. Classes of Object Interactions Coupled: objects are linked recursively –Non-gaming Example: ant colony –Game example? Context-dependent: changes are not the same over time –Non-gaming example: behaviors of the colony under attack versus harvesting –Game example? Emergent system: interactions are coupled and context- dependent To achieve emergent behavior in a game: Tuning (or iterative design) is needed