1. Eòrpa – News from the edge Douglas Chalmers Hugh O’Donnell

2. Gaelic – some brief facts Branch of the Celtic Languages that is native to Scotland Branch of the Celtic Languages that is native to Scotland Marginalisation can begin to be seen from the 11 th century, by Norse incursions and the development of English-speaking kingdoms. Marginalisation can begin to be seen from the 11 th century, by Norse incursions and the development of English-speaking kingdoms. The mainly lowland Protestant Reformation of 1560 exacerbated divisions, and state policy such as the Statutes of Iona (1609) aimed to prohibit “traditional hospitality” and contacts between the Gaels of Scotland and Ireland. It also took measures aimed at ‘anglicising’ the Gaelic speaking hierarchies in the the Highlands. The mainly lowland Protestant Reformation of 1560 exacerbated divisions, and state policy such as the Statutes of Iona (1609) aimed to prohibit “traditional hospitality” and contacts between the Gaels of Scotland and Ireland. It also took measures aimed at ‘anglicising’ the Gaelic speaking hierarchies in the the Highlands.

3. Brief facts (continued) Events following the battle of Culloden (1746) exacerbated the lowland view of the highlander and of Gaelic as ‘dangerous’ or barbarous. Events following the battle of Culloden (1746) exacerbated the lowland view of the highlander and of Gaelic as ‘dangerous’ or barbarous. The Education Act of 1872 stated that all Scottish children must attend school. The Education Act of 1872 stated that all Scottish children must attend school. But Gaelic was prohibited by English speaking teachers, and children were beaten for speaking their native language. But Gaelic was prohibited by English speaking teachers, and children were beaten for speaking their native language. “Brightest” of children sent to English universities on the mainland, many of whom never returned to the Isles. “Brightest” of children sent to English universities on the mainland, many of whom never returned to the Isles. This came on the heels of the Highland clearances, which had a devastating effect on Gaelic speaking communities This came on the heels of the Highland clearances, which had a devastating effect on Gaelic speaking communities

4. Gaelic in Scotland Today - However, almost half of Gaelic speakers now live outside the main ‘Gàidhealtachd’ - Particular concentration on the Western and the Inner Hebrides Percentage of Gaelic Speakers in Scotland by Parish (2001) 0% - < 0.5% 0.5% - < 2% 2% - < 5% 5% - < 20% 20% - < 40% 40% - < 60% 60% - < 75% - Today there are approximately 60,000 fluent Gaelic speakers in Scotland and possibly 100,000 in total with some ability in the language

5. Gaelic Media According to Mike Cormack, Lecturer in Gaelic and Media Studies at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, the Gaelic college on the Isle of Skye, the development of minority language media is essential to ensure the survival of minority languages, not only in Scotland but elsewhere. Four reasons suggested: -1. The Electronic Media provides a signal that the language is able to cope with the contemporary world, rather than being simply part of an outdated heritage 2. An economic boost: including attractive career prospects for young people who want to work in the minority language 3. Media is important in developing a public sphere which allows a political community to develop and indeed allows the community to develop its own news agenda 4. Development of a minority language media is important in relation to how the community is represented both within itself and to outsiders (from Developing Minority Language Media Studies)

6. Developing a Gaelic News Agenda Eòrpa – news from the edge? Eòrpa – news from the edge? –Gaelic current affairs program subtitled in English, available on BBC Alba and BBC2 Scotland subtitled in English, available on BBC Alba and BBC2 Scotland Award winning – current affairs Baftas Award winning – current affairs Baftas 1993 – 2008 – 15 series 1993 – 2008 – 15 series Our analysis - 14 series Our analysis - 14 series –330 Programmes –888 topics

7. The British Isles

8. The British Isles - highlights

9. Non British Isles

10. Non-British Isles Highlights

11. Topics

12. Topics - Highlights

13. Eòrpa case study Series 14 Programme 6 TX Date: 23/11/06

14. Programme structure Pope‘s visit to Poland (approx. 9 mins) Pope‘s visit to Poland (approx. 9 mins) –Explosion in a Polish mine (approx. 30 secs) –A Yorkshire company takes over Harris Tweed industry (approx. 30 secs) Threat to rural post offices (approx. 9 mins) Threat to rural post offices (approx. 9 mins) Football team in Budapest (approx. 9 mins) Football team in Budapest (approx. 9 mins)

15. BBC “national” news Beijing Beijing Madrid Madrid Edinburgh Edinburgh London London Brussels Brussels Baghdad Baghdad Jerusalem Jerusalem Manchester Delhi Paris Washington DC Berlin Cairo

16. BBC Scottish news Inverness Inverness Aberdeen Aberdeen Dundee Dundee Edinburgh Edinburgh Stirling Dunfermline Glasgow

17. Eòrpa Marseille Marseille Bilbao Bilbao Wien Wien Köln Köln Tallinn Tallinn Inbhir Nis Budapest Paris Tioradh Steòrnabhag

18. Tapadh leibh! D.Chalmers@gcal.ac.uk H.ODonnell@gcal.ac.uk H.ODonnell@gcal.ac.uk