1. HEALTH-CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY Gloria Agguh

2. OUTLINE
Definition of healthcare waste; Classify the types of healthcare waste; Discuss the risks and hazards of healthcare wastes Discuss the key steps in healthcare waste management Waste segregation; Healthcare waste transportation; Healthcare waste storage; Disposal /treatment methods of healthcare waste.

3. DEFINITION
WHO defines Health Care Waste
(HCW) as the total waste stream from
a healthcare or research facility that
includes both potential risk waste and
non-risk waste materials.
It is also defined as any waste that is
generated in the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings.

4. CATEGORIES OF HCWs Waste category Description and examples
Infectious waste
Waste suspected to contain pathogens:
Laboratory cultures; waste from isolation wards; tissues (swabs),materials, or equipment that have been in contact with infected patients; excreta
Pathological waste
Human tissues or fluids:
Body parts; blood and other body fluids;
Sharps
Sharp waste:
Needles; infusion sets; scalpels; knives; blades; broken glass.
Pharmaceutical waste
Waste containing pharmaceuticals:
Pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (boxes, bottles)

5. CATEGORIES OF HCWs Waste Category Description and example
Waste with high content of heavy metal
A sub – classification of chemical waste which are usually highly toxic
Batteries, broken thermometers blood pressure gauges etc
Pressurized containers
Potentially harmful gas in containers
Gas cylinders
Radioactive waste
Waste from ionizing radiation
Unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research.

6. CLASSIFICATION AND WASTE
On the basis of their likelihood to cause major health hazards, health care waste are further classified into
HIGH RISK WASTE
Infection Wastes
Chemical Wastes
Pharmaceutical Wastes
Radioactive Wastes

7. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE
Pressurized containers LOW RISK WASTE General wastes from offices
HEALTH
CARE
WASTE
MGMENT

8. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE IN OGO-OLUWA HOSPITAL
Highly infectious: comprise blood and blood product
Infectious waste e.g. Urine, biological waste, pharmaceutical waste e.tc.
Non infectious /General waste

9. RISK OF HCWs
HCW create a variety of health risks to: The health care provider The Recipient or patient The community /Environment

10. Implications of healthcare waste: Health implication
To the health care provider and patients Needle stick injuries (accidental or intentional as in re-cap, reuse or wrong technique) Cuts from other sharps not properly disposed Exposure to radioactive material

11. Infections: CONTINUATION
Transmission of infections e.g hepatitis A,B,C,HIV/AIDS
Enteric infections transmitted by flies feeding on waste e.g. cholera, dysentery,
Skin infections resulting from direct contact with waste.

12. CONTINUATION
Chronic diseases: Incineration operators are especially at risk of chronic respiratory diseases, resulting from exposure to dust and hazardous compounds Accidents: Wounds, most often infected, resulting from contact with sharp items. Poisoning and chemical burns resulting from contact with small amount of hazardous chemical waste mixed with general waste.

13. Implication of healthcare waste: Environmental implication
Injury from improperly disposed sharps
Environmental pollution or degradation, e.g. air, water
Exposure to radioactive waste
Toxic waste effects
Public nuisance (offensive smells, unsightly derbris)

15. WHO IS AT RISK? All workers in the health care facilities Patient
The general public
Service provider workers who are involved in the collection and disposal of health care waste (Ward Aids)

16. Steps in HCW Management
Plan:
Have a HCW management plan
Waste minimization:
Avoid unnecessary waste e.g. use oral drugs instead of injection if possible
Segregation:
Implement a system of separating sharps, infectious and general waste
Access:
waste segregation materials
Safety:
Make use of personal protective equipment.

17. CONTINUATION Transportation: onsite and off site Treatment:
this may be by incineration,(uses both heat and chemical reaction: oxidation by atmospheric oxygen) microwave or chemicals (Alkali, Chlorine cpds like hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide)
Disposal:
Appropriate release of treated waste into soil, water or air.
Immunize:
Against hepatitis B and also have post exposure care for HIV.
Capacity building:
train all levels of health care staff

18. WASTE SEGREGATION
Separating different types of waste at the point of generation and keeping them isolated from each other
It is the most important step in the entire process of HCW Management

20. WHO RECOMMENDED COLOUR CODING FOR HCW SEGREGATION
Types of waste
Color of Container and Markings
Types of Container
Highly infections Waste
Yellow, Marked “Highly infection” or Red
Strong, leak proof container or bag capable of bring autoclaved
Other infectious waste
Yellow
Plastic Bag or Containers
Sharps
Yellow, Marked “SHARPS”
Puncture Proof Containers
Chemical and Pharmaceutical waste
Brown
Plastic Bag or Container
Radioactive waste
Lead Box Labeled with the radioactive symbol
General Health Care Waste
Black
Plastic Bags

21. OGO-OLUWA HOSPITAL COLOUR CODING FOR SYSTEM
Types of waste
Color of Container and Markings
Types of Container
Highly infections Waste
Yellow, Marked “Highly infection” or Red
Strong, leak proof plastic container and bags
infectious waste
Yellow
Plastic Containers and bags
Non infectious
Black
Plastic Container and bags

22. Plastic bags
Plastic Container

23. Containers Use For Sharps In Ogo-Oluwa Hospital

24. HCW TREATMENT
Treatment means any method technique or process for altering the biological, chemical, or physical characteristic of waste. This is to render it non infectious or reduce the hazards it present during further handling. It can be done by incineration, autoclaving e.t.c

26. HCW DISPOSAL
Disposal of HCW means “to bury, deposit, discharge, dump, or the release of any HCW into air, land or water.

27. Importance of proper waste disposal
Minimizes the spread of infection and reduces the risk of accidental injury to staff, patients visitors and community
Reduces odors;
Improve the facility internal safety and hygiene.

28. BEFORE HCWM
AFTER HCWM

29. Thanks for audience
Gloria Agguh

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