1. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CHAPTER 20 WAR AND REVOLUTION 1912–1920 CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ

2. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers “Let the capitalists do their own fighting and furnish their own corpses, and there will never be another war on the face of the earth.” Eugene Debs, Socialist, 1914

3. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers TIMELINE 1908 Austro-Hungarian Empire annexes Bosnia-Herzogovina 1911Madero overthrows Diaz in Mexico 1912 Socialist Party member elected to U.S. House of Representatives 1913 In Mexico Madero assassinated; Huerta 1914 Huerta forced out of office in Mexico; Pancho Villa leads revolt against Carranza NAACP has membership of 6,000 in 50 branches in the U.S. June: Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and wife shot and killed in Sarajevo 1915Wilson sends troops to Haiti and the Dominican Republic British liner the Lusitania sunk by German U-boat

4. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers TIMELINE continued 1917U.S. buys Danish West Indies Germany announces unlimited submarine warfare in the Atlantic Revolution in Russia April: U.S. Congress votes to enter the war June: Espionage Act passed by Congress June: First U.S. soldiers arrive in France 1918January: President Wilson’s 14 Points address (League of Nations) March: German offensive along the Somme River May: Sedition Act July: Allied counteroffensive begins October: Germans propose armistice based on the 14 Points

5. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers TIMELINE continued 1919The Nineteenth Amendment ratified giving women the vote The Treaty of Versailles

6. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers WAR AND REVOLUTION Overview HA World in Upheaval HThe Great War and American Neutrality HThe United States Goes to War HThe Struggle to Win Peace

7. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers A WORLD IN UPHEAVAL HThe Apex of European Conquest HConfronting Revolutions Abroad HConflicts Over Hierarchies At Home

8. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Apex of European Conquest HCentral Powers: Germany, Austria, and Italy HTriple Entente or Allies: France, Russia, and Britain HAustro-Hungary expands by annexing Bosnia-Herzogovina HGoals of both to dominate the Balkans and control the Mediterranean Sea

9. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Confronting Revolutions Abroad HHaiti and the Dominican Republic HMexico HDiaz HMadero HHuerta HCarranza HVilla HGeneral Pershing

10. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Conflicts Over Hierarchies At Home African Americans HAfrican Americans HJim Thorpe and the 1912 Olympic Games in Sweden HMadison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race HD.W. Griffith inspires rebirth of Ku Klux Klan with Birth of a Nation

11. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Conflicts Over Hierarchies at Home Women HWomen HJeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana HCarrie Chapman Catt and the American Women Suffrage HAlice Paul and the militant National Women’s Party HSheppard-Towner Act HSocialist Margaret Sanger and birth control

12. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Conflict Over Hierarchies at Home Workers HWorkers H60% of wealth belongs to 2% of population HSocialist Party and the Industrial Workers of the World HStrikes and Violence HRockefeller’s Colorado Fuel and Iron Company HThe Department of Labor HWilliam B. Wilson HU.S. Committee on Industrial Relations HFrank Walsh

13. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE GREAT WAR AND AMERICAN NEUTRALITY H“The One Great Nation at Peace” HReform Priorities at Home HThe Great Migration HLimits to American Neutrality

14. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers “The One Great Nation at Peace” HNeutrality is profitable: farm and factories trade abroad, banks loan money to the Entente, and the U.S. is no longer a debtor nation. HThe new-style warfare: machine guns, poison gas, trench warfare. HNeutrality makes political sense: new, diverse European immigrants doing battle in their old homelands? European hatreds dangerous to the balance of the diverse American communities

15. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Reform Priorities at Home HThe Progressive Movement HThe Federal Reserve Act HFederal Reserve Board HUnderwood-Simmons Tariff HClayton Antitrust Act HSherman Antitrust Act HKeating-Owens Act

16. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Great Migration HAt least 500,000 African Americans moved from the South to northern cities HMexican and Mexican Americans in jobs across the Southwest and Midwest

17. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Limits to American Neutrality HThe British pull HEconomic ties to the Allies HTheodore Roosevelt leads in preparing nation for war. “...the only way to yank the hyphen out of America.” HOpposition to war from Progressives; HDebs: “Let the capitalists do their own fighting and furnish their own corpses, and there will never be another war...”

18. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE UNITED STATES GOES TO WAR HThe Logic of Belligerency HMobilizing the Home Front HEnsuring Unity HThe War in Europe

19. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Logic of Belligerency HNeutral nation’s right to trade with belligerents dealt blow by German U-boats and civilian deaths HSinking of the Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex HMexico and Germany HApril 6, 1917: Congress votes to enter the “war to end all wars”

20. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Mobilizing the Home Front HThe War Industries Board HThe Shipping Board HFood Administration HFuel Administration HRailroad Administration HWar Trade Board HWar Labor Board

21. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Ensuring Unity HCreel Committee HGeorge Creel sells the war to the public with pamphlets, leaflets, anti-German posters, and movies HEspionage Act: $10,000 fine and 20 years for obstructing the draft or encouraging disloyalty HSedition Act: Extends Espionage Act to “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” toward government, Constitution, flag or military

22. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The War in Europe HAmerican Expeditionary Force HGen. John J. Pershing HJuly 4th 1917: Americans parade in Paris H260,00 African Americans serve in WWI. Assigned menial jobs, barred from Marines HOctober: Allies stop Germans 40 miles from Paris HAllies’ Meuse-Argonne counterattack on July 18th, 1918 HRussian Revolution

23. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Casualties of the Great War, 1914-1918

24. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE STRUGGLE TO WIN PEACE HPeacemaking and the Versailles Treaty HWaging Counterrevolution Abroad HThe Red and Black Scares at Home

25. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Peacemaking and the Versailles Treaty HThe “Big Three”: HWoodrow Wilson of America HDavid Lloyd George of Great Britain HGeorges Clemenceau of France HThe Negotiations HGermany loses the Saar Valley H“The Polish Corridor” divides Germany HGermany army and navy reduced HReparations of $33 billion H“War Guilt” clause

26. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Waging Counterrevolution Abroad HThe Russian Bolshevik Revolution HTrotsky and Lenin HTreaty of Brest-Litovsk HRussian and German peace agreement

27. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Red and Black Scares at Home HLabor strikes H1 out of 5 workers on strike in 1919 HAFL in Pittsburgh and the United Mine Workers HBoston police force HThe “Red Scare” HPinkertons and the Baldwin-Felts H“Palmer raids” HThe “Black Scare” HIncreased lynchings; William Brown in Omaha HGreenwood in Tulsa and Rosewood in Florida

28. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Europe After World War I