1. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Experience from the implementation of three TCPs on genetic improvement Hans Gerhard Wagner Senior Animal Production and Health Officer

2. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Why genetic improvement programmes Increasing demand of products of animal origin; Demand met by increased number of animals and not so much by increased productivity; Better use of finite of resources land and fodder; AI service with no bulls of genetic quality. Reduce greenhouse gas emission per unit of ouput; Increased profitability for the farmer

3. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Genetic improvement programmes in APHCA countries Mongolia – TCP/MON/3104 –Modernizing and upgrading the national animal breeding programme Myanmar - TCP/MYN/3201 –Dairy cattle improvement Nepal – TCP/NEP/ 3105 –Dairy cattle improvement Sri Lanka – under approval –Dairy cattle and buffalo improvement

4. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation What is the purpose of the PPRS Proper choice of breeds Genetic improvement within breeds Bulls for the AI service Monitor genetic progress Provide quality data for policy maker and extension service Assist farmer in their selection and management

5. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Main Components of the TCPs Establishment of a Pedigree and Performance Recording Scheme (PPRS) Milk analysis Central data base Genetic analysis for bull dam selection Strengthening of AI scheme Update of national breeding programme

6. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation The scheme is combining –Importation of genetic progress –Selection withing the breeds in recorded pop. –Quick transfer of progress from recorded to non recorded pop. by AI –Monitoring the results in order to find out quickly whether the imported genetic progress is fully showing up (importance of PPRS)

7. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Breeding programme schematic first two years Total population Recorded Population 2500 Top go AI Center AI top imported semen AI imported semen Bulls for Natural service 50 Non recorded population

8. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Animal population under recording Total number of animalsLast recordingEstimated number of cows Mongolia5 9002 8633 100 Myanmar3 6181 1441 300 Nepal3 5571 6231 845

9. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Milk yield in kg 100 day150 day180 day300 day Mongolia Yield St. Deviation N. of animals 771.57 356.32 806 1181.19 517.05 706 1473.50 640.28 468 2185.83 704.44 196 Myanmar Yield St. Deviation N. of animals 948.90 345.15 633 1420.29 510.08 603 1689.86 600.53 504 2530.31 888.10 223 Nepal Yield St. Deviation N. of animals 1164.78 421.89 377 1652.11 624.47 324 1925.10 692.45 242 2793.12 1048.41 79 Please note absolute figures do not take into consideration breed, feeding and management

10. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Valuable solids 100150180300 Mongolia Fat % Protein % Valuable solids 3.15 3.48 54.20 3.66 3.47 84.20 3.76 3.45 106.01 4.12 3.47 164.66 Myanmar Fat % Protein % Valuable solids 4.21 3.34 71.30 4.29 3.35 107.87 4.36 3.36 129.58 4.52 3.38 197.78 Nepal Fat t% Protein % Valuable solids 4.13 3.36 87.15 4.26 3.35 125.62 4.31 3.36 147.13 4.48 3.37 215.76

11. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Experiences during implementation Field recording Milk analysis Data management AI service Costs

12. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Field recording Selection of recorders Remuneration of recorders Completeness and regularity of the data –No Matings/AI = no paternity of the calf and no link to possible progenity testing –No birth record no begin of lactation no progeny testing possible! –Jumping recording may make a lactation not analyzable Sample transport to the milk analyis Data transfer to the data management centre

13. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Milk analysis Central oder decentralized Payment Quality of the samples Servicing/calibrating the lactoscans

14. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Data managment Who does the data entry? Timely data entry Preprinting of the lists Feed back to farmers Error check and corrections Genetic analysis

15. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation AI service Key to success !!!! Organization of the field service Training of farmers and technicians Lack of liquid nitrogen NO AI NO JUSTIFICATION for GENETIC IMPROVEMENT Costs

16. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Cost of recording without staff costs at the Data Management Centre MongoliaMyanmarNepal Cost of recording per cow*US$ 6US$ 4US$ 9.6 2500 cows under recordingUS$ 15000US$ 10000US$ 24000 Eartags 2000 x US$ 0.5US$ 1000 Consumables paper, stabilizer, printerUS$ 2000 Depreciation of equipment Lactocscan computerUS$ 5000 Cost per yearUS$ 23000US$ 18000US$ 32000 Cost per year per cowUS$ 9.2US$ 7.2US$ 12.8 *Based on actual figures For example German Euro 20 - 30 per cow /year. 75% personnel costs

17. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Assumptions 1 CowsNumber100,000 Percentage of cows served by AINumber30 Number of cows under AINumber30,000 Number of cows for natural matingNumber70,000 Number of cows served by one bullNumber50 2 Semen doses per pregnancyNumber3.00 3 Cows under performance recordingNumber2,500 4 Cost performance recording per cow per yearUS$10 5 Number of semen doses produced per bull per yearNumber7,500 6 Years a bull is being usedNumber2 7 Planned matings to get one test bull calfNumber5 8 Cost per liter of milkUS$0.35 9 Cost per doses of semen importedUS$8.00 10 Cost of raising young bull per testing periodUS$1.00 11 Selection intensity 1:xNumber5 12 Cost of young bull calveUS$500.00

18. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Requirements Total Number of semen doses requiredNumber90,000 Total Number of bulls for natural mating 1,400 Annual replacement required 500 Number of semen doses to be purchased for AI bullNumber450 Number of semen doses to be purchased for NS 10,500 Total Number of bulls required at the AI centerNumber12 Number of bulls required for replacement at AI centre 6.00

19. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Costs Total cost of performance recordingUS$25,000.00 Cost of semen for Ai bullUS$3,600.00 Cost of semen for production of NS bulls at 20% 16,800.00 Cost for young bulls, purchase, raising, performance testing for growth and conformation US$15,030.00 Total cost of schemeUS$60,430.00 Cost per cow under AIUS$2.01 Cost per cow under AI in l. milkLiters6

20. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Public and private good What can be considered private good and expected to be paid by the farmers What incentives can be provided to the farmers –Reduced AI cost –Premium for raising females –Good prices for bulls and heifers with pedigree What can be considered public good to be supported by the Government Important role of the AI service

21. The 33rd APHCA Session and Workshop on Animal Productivity Enhancement in APHCA Countries Breed improvement scheme model calculation Conclusion –Projects now well on the way end in December 2009 –Extension up to July 2010 – 2 full lactations Major worry –Will countries have the political commitment and make the financial resources to continue after projects end.