1. N ANOTECHNOLOGY – T HE F UTURE T ECHNOLOGY Done by: Liau Yuan Wei (3A317)

2. N ANOTECHNOLOGY ? Nano = Very tiny Study of the controlling of matter on an atomic scale 1 to 100 nanometer!!! N ANOMATERIALS ? A study of materials with morphological features on the nanoscale

3. N ANOPARTICLE ? Particles having one or more dimensions of the order of 100nm or less Building blocks of nanotechnology Bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures They form nanomaterials

4. H OW TO CREATE THEM ? High Gravity Controlled Precipitation (HGCP) Developed based on fundamental mass transfer principles Micro mixing of the reaction phases is achieved in microseconds Reaction phases brought together under a high gravity environment.

5. HGCP

6. A DVANTAGES Scalability: Cost effective scale up for large scale production of nanomaterials Control: Good control over quality, particle size, distribution and particle shape Versatility: Can create any type of nanomaterials

7. O NE R EAL -L IFE E XAMPLE NMT announced today that it has signed an exclusive licensing agreement with Winsunny Pharma for the use of HGCP Technology to manufacture a generic version of a world-wide hyperlipidemia-controlling drug in China with a potential market size of over US$900 million.

8. N ANOGOLD An example of a nanoparticle VS

9. P ROPERTIES A shiny, yellow metal Does not tarnish, Face centred cubic structure Non-magnetic Melts at 1336 K. Can turns red, blue, yellow and other colours. A very good catalyst A semiconductor Melting point decreases dramatically as the size decreases GoldNanogold

10. H OW ? It is possible to tailor the properties of their nanoparticles assemblies by varying the size and composition of the particles. By heating these nanoparticle arrays at different rates, it introduces instability into the structure of nanogold. (Form nanowires) Scientists in Japan discovered 10 years ago that gold displays fantastic catalytic abilities when it is shrunk to 3 to 5 nm in size.

11. U SES Staining of Glass The Romans found that they could get several colours out of the same gold particles simply by adding water and diluting the potion. Rediscovered by Michael Faraday in the 1850s

12. U SES Saving the Environment Nanogold technologies are showing great promise in providing solutions to a number of environmentally important issues. E.g: greener production methods of chemical feed-stocks, countering pollution and water purification.

13. U SES Catalysts Can prevent the release of high amounts of mercury into the atmosphere. Constructing cost effective and efficient fuel cells, a key 'clean-energy' technology of the future.

14. U SES Tumors Using nanogold for tumour targeting technologies to deliver drugs directly into cancerous tumours. Gold nanoparticles are introduced into the veins and guided by a spectroscope to locate problem tumours; they are then injected into the tumour along with an antibody to stop the tumour’s ability to grow Can be used to do a quick test for cancerous cells Also can be used in X-Rays to provide a better vision of the human body

15. U SES Advanced Technologies The key driver of future electronics solutions. Shown to offer functional benefits for visual display technologies such as touch sensitive screens. Potential usage for advanced data storage technologies such as advanced flash memory devices.

16. U SES Cancers Scientists are able to do these: Using gold nanoparticles to locate and kill cancer cells inside the body without harming healthy cells Collecting and characterizing tumour cells in a person’s bloodstream with microfluidic devices Determining which gases exhaled in a person’s breath indicate the presence of breast cancer Detecting ovarian cancer from patterns of metabolites found in a drop of blood

17. R EFERENCES http://www.malvern.com/labeng/industry/nanotec hnology/nanoparticles_definition.htm http://www.nanomt.com.sg/tech.asp http://www.nanotech- now.com/news.cgi?story_id=37700 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/04/040 428062059.htm http://www.scitopics.com/Nanogold_chemistry.ht ml

18. R EFERENCES http://www.mi2g.com/cgi/mi2g/frameset.php?page id=http%3A//www.mi2g.com/cgi/mi2g/press/1102 10.php http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=15631.p hp http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/dev_lab/nanogold.c fm