1. Lesson: EXCRETION
The Excretory
Systems

2. What does the excretory system do?
Excretion is the process of removing metabolic wastes.
State
Body Systems involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product

3. Excretion by Digestive System (Large Intestine)
The Large Intestine
Not all foods are digested and absorbed by our body.
The undigested food is passed into the large intestine for temporary storage. 
The undigested food contains a large amount of water and dissolved minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. 
Some of the water and the dissolved minerals are absorbed by the walls of the large intestine and returned to our body through blood circulation. 
The remaining solid waste after absorption is called feces. 
Feces contains bacteria, undigested food, bile, and the remaining water and minerals. 
It is discharged by the large intestine through the rectum.  It then leaves our body through the anus.
The undigested food is passed into the large intestine for temporary storage.  The undigested food contains a large amount of water and dissolved minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium.  Some of the water and the dissolved minerals are absorbed

4. State
Body System involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product
Solid
Digestive System
Large intestine
feces

5. Excretion by Respiratory System (Lungs)
The Lungs
The lungs are not only organs of respiration but also organs of excretion. 
The lungs give off
carbon dioxide
water vapor as waste products. 
These are picked up by the blood from the cells and brought to the lungs.  Then, the lungs give them off as we exhale or breathe out.

6. State
Body System involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product
Gas
Respiratory
System
lungs
Carbon dioxide

7. Excretion by Integumentary System (Skin)
The Skin
removes metabolic wastes. 
These metabolic wastes
move out of the blood
vessels through the
capillaries into the
sweat glands. 
The skin excretes the following:
water
urea
salt

8. Excretion by Integumentary System (Skin)
Each sweat gland has a sweat tube that leads to a small opening in the skin’s surface called pore. This is where water and salt pass out of the skin. These wastes are collectively called sweat or perspiration.

9. State
Body System involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product
Liquid a.
Integumentary
System
Skin
(Sweat glands)
Sweat or perspiration

10. Different Excretory Systems
State
Body System involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product
Solid
Digestive
System
Large intestine
feces
Gas
Respiratory
System
lungs
Carbon dioxide
Liquid a.
Integumentary System
Skin
(Sweat glands)
Sweat or perspiration b. ?

12. Calories 90 (375 kJ) % Daily Value 1 Total Fat 0g 0% Sat. Fat
CALORIES IN Coca-Cola's Sodas, Soft Drinks: Coca-Cola, Classic
Calories 90
(375 kJ)
% Daily Value 1
Total Fat 0g 0%
Sat. Fat
Trans Fat
Cholesterol
0mg
Sodium
31mg 1%
Total Carbs.
25g 8%
Dietary Fiber
Sugars
Protein
Potassium

13. Calories in Fresh Banana, raw
Total Carbs.
18.5g 6%
Dietary Fiber
2.1g 8%
Sugars
9.9g
Protein
0.9g
Calcium
4.1mg
Potassium
290mg
Nutrition Facts
Calories 72
(301 kJ)
% Daily Value 1
Total Fat
0.2g
< 0.1%
Sat. Fat
0.1g
Cholesterol
0mg 0%
Sodium
1mg

14. Importance of Water in Human Body
Water helps to remove the dangerous toxins that our body takes in from the air, the food and the chemicals we use on our skin and hair.
Water also provides cushion for our body joints.
Water carries oxygen and nutrients into all our cells.
Water also helps to regulate our body temperature.

15. Our body has integrative body systems.
When we say “integrative”, this means that our body systems are interconnected to each other to maintain homeostasis.

16. Our body is so sensitive to everything we take in our body and to environment outside where we live in. And because of its sensitivity, we need other body system to perform other major liquid excretion aside from excretion by our skin.

17. What is human homeostasis?
Word origin: from the
Greek: homeo, meaning unchanging
+ stasis, meaning standing.
Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather.
it is the state of balance in our body.

18. What will happen if you do not have the ability to maintain homeostasis in our body?
Homeostatic imbalance will lead to diseases or even death.

19. The blood, which carries waste materials and other substances, enters the kidneys through the renal artery. 

20. as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called nephrons filters the blood with nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid, salts and other metabolic wastes.

21. Nephrons
Excess salts, water, wastes remain in the tubule and become urine
Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla
Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter)
All the blood in the body passes through the kidneys about 20 times every hour. 

22. What is Uric Acid? Uric acid is a chemical created when the body
breaks down substances called purines.
Purines are found in some foods and drinks, such as liver, anchovies (oil fishes), mackerel, dried beans and peas, beer, and wine.

23. The substances that are useful to the body are brought back into circulation.  Together with the clean blood, they leave the kidneys through the renal veins to the inferior vena cava and to the different parts of the body.

24. The urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a muscular tubes inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

25. The urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) that temporarily stores the urine that passes from the two ureters. The urethra finally carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

26. The Urinary System

27. The Urinary System

28. Urethra Tube carries urine from bladder to outside
Difference in male/female
Females shorter
Opens in front of vagina
Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

29. Summary The state of balance in our body is called? Human homeostasis.
The urinary system consists of the ?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
  Kidneys are ?
bean-shaped organ that contains filtering units called nephrons.
The ureters are ?
muscular tubes inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder ?
temporarily store the urine that pass from the two ureters.
Urethra ?
is a tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

30. Different Excretory Systems
State
Body System involved in excretion
Main Organ of excretion
Waste product
Solid
Digestive
System
Large intestine
feces
Gas
Respiratory
System
lungs
Carbon dioxide
Liquid a.
Urinary System
kidneys
urine b.
Integumentary
System
Skin
(sweat glands)
Sweat or perspiration

31. CAUTION

32. How many times do you urinate in one day?
Humans produce about 2.9 liters of urine over 24 hours.

33. What will happen if one of your kidney fail to function?
Dialysis, a treatment where a machine does the job of the kidneys to filter the blood.
used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function .
(renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure.

34. What will happen if both of your kidneys failed to function?
Kidney transplantation means replacement of the failed kidneys with a working kidney from another person, called a donor.
Kidney transplantation is not a complete cure, although many people who receive a kidney transplant are able to live much as they did before their kidneys failed.

35. Kid
Nephrologist Donor
A physician specializes in
kidney diseases

36. Kidney transplantation

37. Prevention Do not delay urination when it is necessary.
Drink 6-8 glasses of water every day.
 Eat a healthy diet. Avoid eating salty foods.
Avoid drinking soft drinks and alcoholic drinks like beer and wine.

38. Short Quiz

39. 1.

40. 2.

41. 3.

42. 4.

43. 5.

44. A. Matching Type. Match Column A to Column B. Letters only.
Column A ___1. the major system excretion that removes liquid wastes. This excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. ___2. used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney ___3. replacement of the failed kidneys with a working kidney from another person, called a donor. ___4. A physician who specializes in kidney disease. ___ 5. the state of balance in our body
Column B
A. Dialysis
B. Human
homeostasis
C. Kidney
transplantation
D. Nephrologist
E. Urinary System E C A D B

45. B. Trace the process through which urine is produced
B. Trace the process through which urine is produced Write 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the blank according to order of urine production. 5
6. The Urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) then temporarily stores the
urine that passes from the two ureters. The urethra finally carries
urine from bladder to outside of the body.
7. Excess salts, water, and wastes remains in the tubule and become urine
after filtration. The substances that are useful to the body are brought
back into circulation.  Together with the clean blood, they leave the
kidneys through the renal veins.
8. as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called nephrons
filters the blood with nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid, salts and other
metabolic wastes.
9. Blood enters each of the kidneys through a large artery that branches
off from the aorta through the renal arteries.
10. the urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a muscular tubes
10-12 inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder. 3 2 1 4

46. ASSIGNMENT. Please do a research on the following urinary disorders
ASSIGNMENT. Please do a research on the following urinary disorders. Look for the Symptoms and Treatments or Preventions of each disease. One urinary disease in each group.
Cystitis Group 1
Urethritis Group 2
Renal Failure – Group 3
References:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination_disorder
Biology Science Impact by Pacifico C. Paywal and et. al., Academe Publishing House Inc 2006, pages 502 – 503 and pages 580 – 581.

47. Criteria in judging class presentations of research.
Visual Aids
25 points
Voice Quality
(Loudness and Clarity)
Content
50 points
Total
100 points

48. Thank You for Listening.
Always remember
“Prevention is BETTER than cure.”