1. CPET 565 Mobile Computing Systems Middleware Lecture 12 Hongli Luo Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

2. Introduction Mobile Middleware What is Mobile Middleware What is Mobile Middleware Mobile Middleware for Enterprise Mobile Middleware for Enterprise Three major types of middleware Three major types of middleware AdaptationAdaptation AgentsAgents Service DiscoveryService Discovery

3. Introduction Mobile Middleware What is Mobile Middleware What is Mobile Middleware Definition Definition “Middleware is software that supports mediation between other software components, fostering interoperability between those components across heterogeneous platforms and varying resource levels,” – Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing, by Adelstein, Gupta, Richard III, and Schwiebert, McGraw-Hill, 2005“Middleware is software that supports mediation between other software components, fostering interoperability between those components across heterogeneous platforms and varying resource levels,” – Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing, by Adelstein, Gupta, Richard III, and Schwiebert, McGraw-Hill, 2005

4. Introduction Mobile Middleware – What is Mobile Middleware Definition from http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/Mobile- Middleware.html Definition from http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/Mobile- Middleware.html Mobile middleware allows for the implementation of distributed applications connecting mobile and enterprise applications over wireless networksMobile middleware allows for the implementation of distributed applications connecting mobile and enterprise applications over wireless networks Provide the “black box” technology that connects mobile devices on the front lines of the enterprise to the back-end applications running on corporate servers Provide the “black box” technology that connects mobile devices on the front lines of the enterprise to the back-end applications running on corporate servers

5. Middleware for Enterprise Example Applications Example Applications Wireless emailWireless email Speech middlewareSpeech middleware Firewall and mobile VPN (Virtual Private Network)Firewall and mobile VPN (Virtual Private Network) Network connectivityNetwork connectivity Device managementDevice management Enterprise AccessEnterprise Access CRM (Customer Relationship Management) CRM (Customer Relationship Management) EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) Enterprise data & information integration Enterprise data & information integration Insurance Claim Insurance Claim

6. From “Mobile Middleware: The Next Frontier in Enterprise Application Integration” by Tamara Kanoc

7. Introduction Mobile Middleware Challenges in developing and deploying a mobile application Challenges in developing and deploying a mobile application Variety of wireless networks availableVariety of wireless networks available Variety of devices and mobile operating platformsVariety of devices and mobile operating platforms Need to communicate with roaming workersNeed to communicate with roaming workers Disparity between the LAN environment and the mobile environmentDisparity between the LAN environment and the mobile environment Difficulty in extending enterprise applications into the fieldDifficulty in extending enterprise applications into the field Security, scalability, reliability, easy integration, multiple network and platform support Security, scalability, reliability, easy integration, multiple network and platform support

8. Introduction Mobile Middleware Benefits of mobile middleware Benefits of mobile middleware Speeds development and deployment cyclesSpeeds development and deployment cycles Reduces risk by offering a field proven solutionReduces risk by offering a field proven solution Creates application once and run it over any network or deviceCreates application once and run it over any network or device Provide efficient and reliable communicationsProvide efficient and reliable communications Mobile middleware also providesMobile middleware also provides Guaranteed message delivery Guaranteed message delivery Push messaging Push messaging Data security Data security roaming roaming

9. Middlewares for Enterprise Oracle, http://www.oracle.com/index.html Oracle, http://www.oracle.com/index.html http://www.oracle.com/index.html CTO Summit, http://www.oracle.com/events/ctosummit/index.html CTO Summit, http://www.oracle.com/events/ctosummit/index.html http://www.oracle.com/events/ctosummit/index.html Successful Mobile Strategies, 11 minutesSuccessful Mobile Strategies, 11 minutes Mobile Field Service, http://www.oracle.com/applications/service/mobfsrv_cont.html Mobile Field Service, http://www.oracle.com/applications/service/mobfsrv_cont.html http://www.oracle.com/applications/service/mobfsrv_cont.html enables customer service agents to access and update key information via both hand-held and laptop devices.enables customer service agents to access and update key information via both hand-held and laptop devices.

10. Middlewares for Enterprise Sybase – iAnywhere Solutions, Sybase – iAnywhere Solutions, Leading provider of mobile enterprise, database and RFID software technologyLeading provider of mobile enterprise, database and RFID software technologyhttp://www.sybase.com/ianywhere Mobile Enterprise http://www.sybase.com/products/mobileenterpriseMobile Enterprise http://www.sybase.com/products/mobileenterprise RFID Anywhere: http://www.sybase.com/products/rfidsoftware/rfidany whereRFID Anywhere: http://www.sybase.com/products/rfidsoftware/rfidany where RFID Anywhere is a flexible software infrastructure that integrates business logic and processes with a variety of automatic data collection and sensor technologies, including RFID, barcodes, mobile devices, PLCs, etc. RFID Anywhere is a flexible software infrastructure that integrates business logic and processes with a variety of automatic data collection and sensor technologies, including RFID, barcodes, mobile devices, PLCs, etc. Developers and integrators can focus on writing business logic, not low-level hardware interfaces. Developers and integrators can focus on writing business logic, not low-level hardware interfaces.

11. Middlewares for Enterprise Nokia, Mobile Middleware – Nokia Intellisync Nokia, Mobile Middleware – Nokia Intellisync http://usa.nokia.com; http://usa.nokia.com; http://usa.nokia.com Support more than 400 different mobile devices from over 6 different OS Support more than 400 different mobile devices from over 6 different OS Palm, Symbian, Windows Mobile, Windows OS, PocketPC, SyncML, BREWPalm, Symbian, Windows Mobile, Windows OS, PocketPC, SyncML, BREW Connect, sync and extend solutions with Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell Groupwise, IMAP/POP3 email interface Connect, sync and extend solutions with Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell Groupwise, IMAP/POP3 email interface

12. Middlewares for Enterprise IBM IBM Net’s future is mobile middleware, December 7, 2006, eWeek, http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2069820,00.asp Net’s future is mobile middleware, December 7, 2006, eWeek, http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2069820,00.asp http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2069820,00.asp Data-sharing middleware platform for mobile devicesData-sharing middleware platform for mobile devices Code name: InfinityCode name: Infinity based on a number of industry-standard technologies, including XML, HTTP, HTML, JavaScript, and Bluetooth technology based on a number of industry-standard technologies, including XML, HTTP, HTML, JavaScript, and Bluetooth technology

13. Middlewares for Enterprise Sprint Campus Connect, http://www.sprint.com/business/ Sprint Campus Connect, http://www.sprint.com/business/ http://www.sprint.com/business/ Novell Novell Novell GroupWise - http://www.novell.com/groupwiseNovell GroupWise - http://www.novell.com/groupwisehttp://www.novell.com/groupwise a cross-platform collaborative software, a cross-platform collaborative software, offering e-mail, calendaring, instant messaging and document management offering e-mail, calendaring, instant messaging and document management Mobility SolutionsMobility Solutions Groupwise Mobile Server Groupwise Mobile Server Blackberry Enterprise Server for Novell Groupwise Blackberry Enterprise Server for Novell Groupwise SAP SAP Siebel Siebel

14. Adaptation Tasks Tasks Adapt behavior and expectations to conserve scare resourcesAdapt behavior and expectations to conserve scare resources Adjust quality of service (QoS) – guarantee performanceAdjust quality of service (QoS) – guarantee performance How should adaptation be supported? How should adaptation be supported? Monitor resourcesMonitor resources adapt appropriatelyadapt appropriately Typically does not change its core behavior Typically does not change its core behavior Increase or decrease the fidelity of the data Increase or decrease the fidelity of the data

15. Adaptation Measures for middleware adaptation strategies Measures for middleware adaptation strategies FidelityFidelity The degree to which a data item available to an application matches a reference copy The degree to which a data item available to an application matches a reference copy Perceived quality and consistency Perceived quality and consistency AgilityAgility An adaptation middleware’s responsiveness to changes in resource levels An adaptation middleware’s responsiveness to changes in resource levels ConcurrencyConcurrency Multiple concurrent applications run on the mobile devices Multiple concurrent applications run on the mobile devices

16. Agents Allowing programs to move autonomously about a network in order to access remote resources Allowing programs to move autonomously about a network in order to access remote resources Migrate to servers -> access data or computational resources -> migrate again -> return to home baseMigrate to servers -> access data or computational resources -> migrate again -> return to home base Benefits Benefits Disconnection is easily supportedDisconnection is easily supported Access to large amount of data to solve problemAccess to large amount of data to solve problem Allow the functionality of servers to be expanded dynamicallyAllow the functionality of servers to be expanded dynamically Without modifying a server’s code Without modifying a server’s code

17. Agents Examples of mobile codes Examples of mobile codes Browsers support Javascript, Java appletsBrowsers support Javascript, Java applets Applets travel from server to client and are executed on the clientApplets travel from server to client and are executed on the client Mobile agents Mobile agents Move freely about a networkMove freely about a network Make decisions on where to travel nextMake decisions on where to travel next Perform computations and collect dataPerform computations and collect data Communicate with other agentsCommunicate with other agents Create new agentsCreate new agents

18. Agents Mobile agents to search a set of databases Mobile agents to search a set of databases Steps: Steps: Dispatch agents to database servers or to machines close to the serversDispatch agents to database servers or to machines close to the servers Agents perform queries against the database serversAgents perform queries against the database servers Agents sift the resultsAgents sift the results Agents return home and deliver the resultsAgents return home and deliver the results Advantages Advantages Save the bandwidthSave the bandwidth Continuous network connectivity is not requiredContinuous network connectivity is not required Executed on more powerful computersExecuted on more powerful computers

19. Service Discovery Dynamically discovering and advertising services Dynamically discovering and advertising services Extend the client-server paradigm Extend the client-server paradigm Dynamic discovery of servicesDynamic discovery of services Dynamic interaction between clients and servicesDynamic interaction between clients and services Discover needed service on-demand Discover needed service on-demand E.g., wireless access point, printerE.g., wireless access point, printer Service Discovery Protocol Service Discovery Protocol