1. LECTURE 11.1

2. LECTURE OUTLINE Weekly Deadlines Weekly Deadlines Compiling the Final CRRA Compiling the Final CRRA

4. THE FINAL CRRA How to Compile the Final Essay

5. COMPILE THE FINAL DOCUMENT “Copy and paste” all five components to a new document to create the first draft of the final paper. Arrange the components in the order that they will appear in the final document. “Copy and paste” all five components to a new document to create the first draft of the final paper. Arrange the components in the order that they will appear in the final document.

6. CREATE A MASTER LIST OF REFERENCES Cut and paste the references from all five components to the end of the final document, or to a separate document, to produce a master list. Paste references in the order dictated by the order of the components. Cut and paste the references from all five components to the end of the final document, or to a separate document, to produce a master list. Paste references in the order dictated by the order of the components.

7. WRITE AN INTRODUCTION Write an introduction. This can be a separate section, or it can be combined with the applications section. (Note that writing the introduction can often be left to last.) Write an introduction. This can be a separate section, or it can be combined with the applications section. (Note that writing the introduction can often be left to last.) The introduction must contain a paragraph that introduces/describes the content of the essay (see last paragraph of Section 1, “The Sulfur Essay”). The introduction must contain a paragraph that introduces/describes the content of the essay (see last paragraph of Section 1, “The Sulfur Essay”).

8. LAST PARAGRAPH FROM SECTION 1, “THE SULFUR ESSAY” “In the following sections, we shall present a brief and selective history of the use of sulfur (Section 2), followed by a somewhat lengthy discussion on the structure of sulfur (Section 3). Sulfur is one of the more structurally diverse materials and merits a description on the nature of its solid, liquid, and crystalline states. Section 4 presents a brief account of the properties associated with one very common and mostly deleterious sulfur-containing compound: sulfur dioxide. Section 5 details a series of processing techniques that have been successfully employed to both extract and purify sulfur. Finally, a brief summary is given in Section 6.” “In the following sections, we shall present a brief and selective history of the use of sulfur (Section 2), followed by a somewhat lengthy discussion on the structure of sulfur (Section 3). Sulfur is one of the more structurally diverse materials and merits a description on the nature of its solid, liquid, and crystalline states. Section 4 presents a brief account of the properties associated with one very common and mostly deleterious sulfur-containing compound: sulfur dioxide. Section 5 details a series of processing techniques that have been successfully employed to both extract and purify sulfur. Finally, a brief summary is given in Section 6.”

9. INTRODUCTION/APPLICATIONS If you have not previously written the applications component, go to Lesson 03 Lectures for self-review questions and concept maps. If you have not previously written the applications component, go to Lesson 03 Lectures for self-review questions and concept maps. The locations of all the self-review questions are provided in: The locations of all the self-review questions are provided in: “Acceptable Styles/Practices” (Lesson 11, Lecture 11.1 folder) “Acceptable Styles/Practices” (Lesson 11, Lecture 11.1 folder)

10. SUMMARY (CAN BE LEFT UNTIL LAST) Write a summary section. This section should be brief and should highlight some of the more memorable characteristics of your material (see Section 6, “The Sulfur Essay”). Write a summary section. This section should be brief and should highlight some of the more memorable characteristics of your material (see Section 6, “The Sulfur Essay”). As with the introduction, writing this can be left until last! As with the introduction, writing this can be left until last!

11. SECTION 6: SUMMARY FROM “THE SULFUR ESSAY” “Sulfur has the ability to spark the imagination because of its long association with fire, magic, and alchemy. Yet, it is one of the workhorses of our modern society; it is employed, often as sulfuric acid, in countless industrial processes. Sulfur is also intrinsically intriguing. As a solid, it may exist in two different crystalline forms, or it may be amorphous. As a liquid, it has the distinctly odd property of an increasing viscosity when temperature increases—as the cyclic S 8 molecules are replaced by polymeric chains of sulfur. Even in the gaseous state, a structural transformation occurs: when at high temperatures, the S 8 molecules (again) are replaced, but now by S 2 molecules.” “Sulfur has the ability to spark the imagination because of its long association with fire, magic, and alchemy. Yet, it is one of the workhorses of our modern society; it is employed, often as sulfuric acid, in countless industrial processes. Sulfur is also intrinsically intriguing. As a solid, it may exist in two different crystalline forms, or it may be amorphous. As a liquid, it has the distinctly odd property of an increasing viscosity when temperature increases—as the cyclic S 8 molecules are replaced by polymeric chains of sulfur. Even in the gaseous state, a structural transformation occurs: when at high temperatures, the S 8 molecules (again) are replaced, but now by S 2 molecules.”

12. SOME CONTENT QUESTIONS Now that you have a compiled essay, ask yourself some content-related questions! Now that you have a compiled essay, ask yourself some content-related questions! Do you understand the scientific content? (If not, there is still time to contact the instructional team for help!) Do you understand the scientific content? (If not, there is still time to contact the instructional team for help!) Is each section presented in a logical fashion? Is each section presented in a logical fashion? Does one section flow naturally from the one preceding it? Does one section flow naturally from the one preceding it? Have you covered all the important characteristics of your material? Have you covered all the important characteristics of your material?

13. FORMATTING: MAJOR SECTION HEADINGS Partition your essay into sections, which will correspond with the five components. Identify them by a number and a title (major section heading). The heading may be all upper-case, bold, underlined, etc. (see “Acceptable Styles/Practices,” Lesson 11 folder and/or “The Sulfur Essay” for one possible format). Partition your essay into sections, which will correspond with the five components. Identify them by a number and a title (major section heading). The heading may be all upper-case, bold, underlined, etc. (see “Acceptable Styles/Practices,” Lesson 11 folder and/or “The Sulfur Essay” for one possible format).

14. ONE POSSIBLE ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS FOR THE FINAL CRRA 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 2. APPLICATIONS 2. APPLICATIONS 3. HISTORY 3. HISTORY 4. STRUCTURE 4. STRUCTURE 5. PROPERTIES 5. PROPERTIES 6. PROCESSING 6. PROCESSING 7. SUMMARY 7. SUMMARY 8. REFERENCES 8. REFERENCES

15. ANOTHER POSSIBLE ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS FOR THE FINAL CRRA 1. INTRODUCTION/APPLICATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION/APPLICATIONS 2. HISTORY 2. HISTORY 3. STRUCTURE 3. STRUCTURE 4. PROPERTIES 4. PROPERTIES 5. PROCESSING 5. PROCESSING 6. SUMMARY 6. SUMMARY 7. REFERENCES 7. REFERENCES

16. HOWEVER: Your essay must contain sections. Otherwise, you will be penalized (see rubric). Your essay must contain sections. Otherwise, you will be penalized (see rubric). Your essay must contain the information implicit in the five components of the CRRA. Your essay must contain the information implicit in the five components of the CRRA.

17. SUB-HEADINGS, OR SECONDARY HEADINGS You may also employ sub-sections, in which case, use sub-headings. A possible format for main and sub-headings is: You may also employ sub-sections, in which case, use sub-headings. A possible format for main and sub-headings is: 3.THE STRUCTURE OF SULFUR 3.THE STRUCTURE OF SULFUR 3.1. Atomic/Electronic Structure 3.1. Atomic/Electronic Structure 3.2. Monomeric and Crystallographic Structures 3.2. Monomeric and Crystallographic Structures 3.3. States of Matter 3.3. States of Matter 3.4. Summary 3.4. Summary

18. SUB-HEADINGS, OR SECONDARY HEADINGS Note that sub-sections are numbered sequentially by section. Hence, the first sub- section in section 3 would be 3.1 and the first in section 5 would be 5.1 Note that sub-sections are numbered sequentially by section. Hence, the first sub- section in section 3 would be 3.1 and the first in section 5 would be 5.1

19. FIGURES Make sure that each figure is identified by a figure number and a figure caption. Make sure that each figure is identified by a figure number and a figure caption. Re-number the figures/figure captions such that they are sequential. Later, you can change the figure numbers in the text, using the figure captions as a guide. Re-number the figures/figure captions such that they are sequential. Later, you can change the figure numbers in the text, using the figure captions as a guide. For guides to good figure caption practices, see “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder. For guides to good figure caption practices, see “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder.

20. TABLES Make sure that each table is identified by a table number and a table heading. Make sure that each table is identified by a table number and a table heading. Re-number the tables such that they are sequential. Later, you can change the table numbers in the text, using the table number/heading as a guide. Re-number the tables such that they are sequential. Later, you can change the table numbers in the text, using the table number/heading as a guide. For guides to good table numbering/heading practices, see “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder. For guides to good table numbering/heading practices, see “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder.

21. EQUATIONS If you are using equations, make sure they are numbered sequentially. The equation number should be right-aligned. If you are using equations, make sure they are numbered sequentially. The equation number should be right-aligned.

22. REPITITION Minimize repetition and rearrange content, if necessary, using cut and paste (see, for example, components 1 and 2 and sections 1 and 2 of “The Sulfur Essay” in Lecture 12.1). Minimize repetition and rearrange content, if necessary, using cut and paste (see, for example, components 1 and 2 and sections 1 and 2 of “The Sulfur Essay” in Lecture 12.1). Don’t worry if a particular section is now somewhat shorter than the others. There is no need for all sections to be of equal length. However, repetition will be penalized! Don’t worry if a particular section is now somewhat shorter than the others. There is no need for all sections to be of equal length. However, repetition will be penalized!

23. THE REFERENCE LIST Number the references in your reference master list (end of document) sequentially. Number the references in your reference master list (end of document) sequentially. Make sure that your reference style is consistent. See “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder. Make sure that your reference style is consistent. See “Acceptable Styles/Practices” in the Lesson 11 folder.

24. THE FINAL CRRA If the exact same reference has been used in more than one essay component, it should be given the same reference number, whenever used, in the final reference list. The number should be the one assigned when it is first used. If the exact same reference has been used in more than one essay component, it should be given the same reference number, whenever used, in the final reference list. The number should be the one assigned when it is first used.

25. USING TWO DIFFERENT REFERENCE NUMBERS FOR THE “SAME” REFERENCE You would use two different reference numbers when, for example, a book is cited twice but with different page numbers. You would use two different reference numbers when, for example, a book is cited twice but with different page numbers. Example from “The Sulfur Essay”: Example from “The Sulfur Essay”: [11] Chemistry: The Central Science. 7 th Edition. T.L. Brown, H.E. LeMay, Jr. and B.E. Bursten. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. (1997) p 295 et seq. [11] Chemistry: The Central Science. 7 th Edition. T.L. Brown, H.E. LeMay, Jr. and B.E. Bursten. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. (1997) p 295 et seq. [21] Chemistry: The Central Science. T. L. Brown, H. E. LeMay Jr., and B. E. Bursten. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, N.J. (1997), p 672 et seq. [21] Chemistry: The Central Science. T. L. Brown, H. E. LeMay Jr., and B. E. Bursten. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, N.J. (1997), p 672 et seq.

26. USING TWO DIFFERENT REFERENCE NUMBERS FOR THE “SAME” REFERENCE You would use two different reference numbers when, for example, a Web site is cited twice but with different URL addresses. You would use two different reference numbers when, for example, a Web site is cited twice but with different URL addresses. Example from “The Sulfur Essay”: Example from “The Sulfur Essay”: [4] “Sulfur Uses” © Georgia Gulf Sulfur Corporation, (2000). http://georgiagulfsulfur.com/site.htm [4] “Sulfur Uses” © Georgia Gulf Sulfur Corporation, (2000). http://georgiagulfsulfur.com/site.htmhttp://georgiagulfsulfur.com/site.htm [9] “Sulfur History” © Georgia Gulf Sulfur Corporation, (2000). http://georgiagulfsulfur.com/history.htm [9] “Sulfur History” © Georgia Gulf Sulfur Corporation, (2000). http://georgiagulfsulfur.com/history.htmhttp://georgiagulfsulfur.com/history.htm

27. AND NOW TO THE TEXT! Go through the text and renumber figures, tables, equations, and references. Go through the text and renumber figures, tables, equations, and references. Use previously renumbered figures, tables, and the master reference list as your guide. Use previously renumbered figures, tables, and the master reference list as your guide. In all cases, do your corrections in RED! In all cases, do your corrections in RED!

28. GOOD CITATION PRACTICES Make sure that the text is adequately referenced. A guide to “Good Citation Practices” is found in the Lesson 02 Lectures, (Lecture 2.2). Make sure that the text is adequately referenced. A guide to “Good Citation Practices” is found in the Lesson 02 Lectures, (Lecture 2.2).

29. THE FINAL CRRA Check that all figures and tables are mentioned in the text. Also, check your accuracy in numbering. Check that all figures and tables are mentioned in the text. Also, check your accuracy in numbering. Where appropriate, link your sections by referring “forward” and “backward.” This aids the reader in understanding the flow of the essay. Where appropriate, link your sections by referring “forward” and “backward.” This aids the reader in understanding the flow of the essay.

30. THE FINAL CRRA Proofread the entire text, figure captions, and reference list, and make final corrections. Use a spell-checker, but remember that spell- checkers are stupid, so you must also proofread “by hand”! Proofread the entire text, figure captions, and reference list, and make final corrections. Use a spell-checker, but remember that spell- checkers are stupid, so you must also proofread “by hand”!

31. THE FINAL CRRA Format the document as follows: Format the document as follows: Set font for body of text to Times 12-point Set font for body of text to Times 12-point Set margins at 1” all around Set margins at 1” all around Check the formatting of, for example, figure captions and table headings Check the formatting of, for example, figure captions and table headings You may use a different font, and/or style, for items such as figure captions. For example, I use Times 10- point for the figure captions but format the figure numbers in bold. You may use a different font, and/or style, for items such as figure captions. For example, I use Times 10- point for the figure captions but format the figure numbers in bold.

32. THE FINAL CRRA Formatting, cont. Formatting, cont. Cut and paste figures and tables to ensure: Cut and paste figures and tables to ensure: Each page is filled with text/figures/tables. Note that you can re-size graphics by single-clicking on the image and dragging a corner to the desired size, or you can double-click on the image and re-size it using the dialog box, which will appear Each page is filled with text/figures/tables. Note that you can re-size graphics by single-clicking on the image and dragging a corner to the desired size, or you can double-click on the image and re-size it using the dialog box, which will appear Tables are contained on a single page Tables are contained on a single page Figures are close to the place where they are first mentioned in the text Figures are close to the place where they are first mentioned in the text

33. THE FINAL CRRA Formatting, cont. Formatting, cont. Design the first page: “the world is your oyster” Design the first page: “the world is your oyster” Add headers and footers, if desired, and paginate Add headers and footers, if desired, and paginate

34. THE FINAL CRRA Do a final proofread, and insert final corrections. Do a final proofread, and insert final corrections. ASK A FRIEND TO READ THE ENTIRE ESSAY. IF IT MAKES SENSE TO HIM OR HER, IT WILL LIKELY MAKE SENSE TO US! ASK A FRIEND TO READ THE ENTIRE ESSAY. IF IT MAKES SENSE TO HIM OR HER, IT WILL LIKELY MAKE SENSE TO US!