1. The Bees Nest

2. Five needs for a feral nest Sheltered, darkened enclosure Small, defensible entrance Size of adequate volume Parallel comb constructed with bee space Separation of brood and food in the comb

3. From D. Caron

4. Parallel combs with “bee’s” space From D. Caron

5. Dutch Skep straw HumanHivesHumanHives Clay pottery hive Log hive Pictures from D. Caron

6. The Langstroth Hive I n 1 8 5 1, a P h i l a d e l p h i a In 1851, a Philadelphia minister, L. L. Langstroth discovered the principal of “bee space” while using removable vertical frames in his champagne crates. Picture from D. Caron

7. The Langstroth Hive From D. Caron

8. Separation of Food and Brood From D. Caron

9. Cells of combs Worker and drone cells are built horizontally. About 15% of the cells are drone cells commonly found at the periphery. Usually found at the bottom margin of combs is a small number of queen cups that hang vertically. When used for raising queens, they look like peanut shells.

10. Drone Cells Photo by Deb Hautau

11. Queen’s Cup Photo by Tom Jenkins