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Methods of Separation 1. Filtration
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Aim: To separate chalk from water. Method:
Filter funnel Residue (yellow solid) Filtrate Conical flask Filter paper
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Results: The chalk was left behind in the filter paper and clear water was collected in the flask. Conclusion: Chalky water can be separated using the method of filtration.
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Filtration is used to separate solid particles from a liquid.
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2. Distillation
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Aim: To separate salt from salty water.
Method:
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Results: Salt is formed in the round bottom flask and water is collected from the condenser. Conclusion: Distillation can be used to separate salt from salty water. Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a dissolved solid or to separate miscible liquids.
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The anti-bumping granules give a smoother boiling action when the liquid is being heated.
The gas/vapour is cooled by cold water in the condenser to condense (gas liquid) it back to a liquid (the distillate) which is collected. The thermometer indicates the temperature that the reaction is occurring at.
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3. Chromatography
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1. The material to be separated e. g
1. The material to be separated e.g. a food dye is dissolved in a solvent and carefully spotted onto chromatography paper alongside known colours on a 'start line‘. 2. The paper is carefully dipped into a solvent, which is absorbed into the paper and rises up it. 3. Any colour which horizontally matches another is likely to be the same molecule
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Chromatography is used to separate small quantities of mixed liquids.
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