1. Selection of participants EHES Training Material

2. Who can be invited? In principle, every person age 25 to 64 years living in the country is eligible Temporary visitors are not included in the survey

3. How are people selected? Stage 1 The country is divided into examination areas A number of these are selected randomly An example country

4. How are people selected? Stage 2 Within each selected examination area we select people from the population register also randomly An example country

5. How are people selected? Stage 2 Within each selected examination area we select households from a local household list also randomly An example country

6. How are people selected? Stage 3 Within each selected household we select all household members An example country

7. Stage 3 Within each selected household we select 1 person How are people selected? An example country

8. What is random selection ? Selecting a person, household, dwelling or area randomly means that they are selected entirely by chance We can calculate how likely someone is to be selected. We can not calculate if they actually will be selected – this is the random part.

9. Why random selection? To estimate the health of the population we need to know everyone’s chances of being selected/invited This is only possible with random selection Replacing someone who does not want to or can not participate with someone else means we no longer have a random sample and can not estimate health figures accurately from the data

10. Sample Biased samples A sample is biased if it does not reflect the population and will tend to give the wrong result Biased samples can result from: Samples that are not randomly taken from the population Low response rates among certain groups of the sample (eg. people who are not well) Biased sample Sample Population Representative sampleBiased sample

11. Questions and answers The following slides are frequently asked questions that may come from the survey participants and which fieldwork staff should be able to answer

12. “Why was I selected for the survey?” We have drawn a random sample of people from all over the country using the population register. It is share chance that you have been selected.

13. “How many people have you invited to participate in this survey?” We have invited 4000 people from all over the country.

14. ”Why do you select participants at random?” We can’t ask everyone to participate so we invite a small fraction of the population. It is important for this group to be selected randomly so they reflect the population as a whole.

15. ”How can you learn about the general health for the entire country by only examining a few people?” It’s not feasible to interview and examine everybody in the country. Instead we randomly select a group to represent the country. This is enough for us to gauge an accurate picture of the country’s health.

16. “What do I get in return for participating?” You will receive (mention incentive and) a free health check-up Additionally, the information is important for research and health monitoring purposes, which are needed to plan health services and health promotion activities for future generations

17. ”My husband/friend is participating and I would like to too. Can I turn up?” It’s great that you are interested in the survey but unfortunately we can’t include you this time as we only have the resources to survey those we selected randomly to participate. It’s great that you are interested in the survey and you are welcome to come on (date/time). Unfortunately you won’t be included in our official data but you can still join in and receive your test results.

18. ”I don’t mind answering some health questions but I’m not prepared to give a blood sample so I don’t think I should participate at all.” It is very important for the survey that you participate in any way you can. We can start with the questionnaire and measurements and if you want to stop there that’s fine. You can stop at any time during the survey.

19. Acknowledgements Slides Susie Jentoft and Johan Heldal