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Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life.

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Presentation on theme: "Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life."— Presentation transcript:

1 Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life.

2 Discovery of Cells Leewenhoek was one of first inventors of microscope and therefore one of first to describe microscopic organisms and living cells.

3 Discovery of Cells Hooke named them cells & influenced others to explore their existence.

4 The Cell Theory: All living things are made of 1 or more cells
Cells are basic units of structure and function in an organism. Cells come from preexisting cells.

5 The Cell There are 2 types of cells: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

6 Prokaryotic Cells No nuclear membrane
No membrane bound organelles (except ribosomes!) Found only in Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Extremely small

7 Eukaryotic Definite membrane bound nucleus
Contains membrane bound organelles Found in Kingdom Animal, Plant, Fungi, & Protista Slightly larger

8 Factors governing cell size
Functions of the cells; More activity, more organelles, larger cells Surface area: Volume Ratio (small animal, high metabolism)

9 Cell Organelles Nucleus- Control center of cell; surrounded by a double-layered membrane. (Nucleolus= Houses DNA)

10 Cell Organelles 2. Golgi Apparatus- Shipping Plant. Flat membranous sacs (like pancake stack). Function: synthesis, storing, shipping materials.

11 Cell Organelles 3. Lysosomes- Garbage disposal & collection. Sacs full of disgestive enzymes. Some store food.

12 Cell Organelles 4. Vacuoles- Also digestive sacs. Pump out excess material, digestion, store food. Mostly in plants & protists.

13 Cell Organelles 5. Mitochondria- Power plant. Location where energy is produced (cell respiration). Double membrane (outer-smooth; inner-folded called cristae). Has own DNA

14 Cell Organelles 6. Chloroplast- Site of photosynthesis. Double membrane (outer-smooth; inner-stacks of coins call thylakoid membrane). Special plastid only in plant cells. Sunlight + H20 + CO2 = Glucose + O2

15 Cell Organelles Cytoskeleton- Cell skeleton. Support & movement. Microtubules (hollow) & microfilaments (solid). Cilia & flagella are special microtubules on the outside of cells for movement.

16 Cell Organelles 8. Ribosome- Protein Synthesis. Works w/ RNA. Small round organelles in cytoplasm & on endoplasmic reticulum.

17 Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum- Highway of cell.
Rough ER- Has ribosomes. Protein synthesis and movement. Smooth ER- lipid production & movement

18 Cell Organelles 10. Cell Wall- Made of cellulose. Only in plant and bacteria cells. Provides stability and framework.

19 Cell Organelles 11. Cytoplasm- liquid part of cell
12. Cell Membrane- Boundary of the cell. Semipermeable.

20 Cell Organelles 13. Centrioles- special microtubules that assist in mitosis (cell reproduction). Centriole


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