3. The generation, storage, and movement of information are central to managing an enterprise’s business processes As a result, businesses must ensure that they are using information and communication technologies (ICTs) that best satisfy their information and management needs Connectivity, integration, and ease of access to information are essential for effective communication among workers and business partners Many enterprises are assimilating social media such as Twitter and Facebook to enhance communication and business processes Networking technology is making inter-organizational business processes more transparent by facilitating the flow of information

12. 12 Enterprise network convergence focuses on the consolidation of traditionally distinct voice, video, and data communications networks into a common infrastructure Focuses on the integration of real-time communication services Systems are built on Internet Protocol Key elements: UC systems typically provide a unified user interface and consistent user experience across multiple devices and media UC merges real-time communications services with non-real-time services and business process applications

16. Voice communications Refers to telephone related communications Enhanced by computer-based services such as voice mail and the voice over IP (VoIP) protocol Data communications Refers to virtually any form of information transfer other than voice Image communications An example would be facsimile (fax) Images can be attached or embedded in e-mail messages Smartphones enable users to take and send high-resolution digital images across mobile networks Video communications High-resolution telepresence systems enable geographically dispersed users to conduct business matters as if they were physically present in the same room

17. The basic building block of any enterprise network infrastructure is the transmission line One of the basic choices for business network users is the transmission medium Fiber-optic Wireless transmission Transmitting voice, data, image, and video traffic across enterprise networks continues to consume a major chunk of the communications budget for most businesses Multiplexing Ability of a number of devices to share a transmission line Compression Squeezing the data into a smaller form so that a lower-capacity, cheaper transmission line can be used to transfer it between computing devices

18. The application software that is provided to the business users’ commuting devices over enterprise networks The underlying interconnection (networking) software that allows these computing devices to work together cooperatively

19. The Internet The Web provides a myriad of ways for businesses to communicate with consumers and to market their products and services Intranets and extranets enable secure communication both within an enterprise and with customers, suppliers, and partners TCP/IP Universally used for the communications software function across multiple vendor equipment The basis for the operation of the Internet Client/Server Architectures, Intranets, Extranets, and SOA Separate computers (servers) provide specialized services on a shared basis for many users (clients) An intranet is confined to authorized users within the organization with no access to outsiders Extranets enable outside clients and business partners to access corporate computing resources Service-oriented architecture (SOA) enables customers to get access to their business software products at hosted sites

20. Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Circuit Switched Packet Switched Frame Relay Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Wireless Network Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

22. Network Security Confidentiality Integrity Availability Network Management Highly distributed peer-to-peer networks Complexity of managing and maintaining Reliable operation at all times Skilled personnel and communication costs

23. Importance Choice of vendors and products Competition leads to lower cost Enovation through open standards Organizations Internet Society (ISOC) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Committee The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

24. Information and communication Data communications and networking for today’s enterprise Trends Business drivers Convergence Unified communications Business information requirements Transmission and transmission media Communication techniques Chapter 1: Introduction Distributed data processing Internet and distributed applications The Internet TCP/IP Client/Server architectures, intranets, extranets, and SOA Networks Network security Network management Standards