1. Three’s company – an experimental proposal for AAC Norman Alm School of Computing University of Dundee ? !

2. With AAC, the technology can actually get in the way

3. Technology can make distance communication possible but tends to severely restrict face to face communication Body language Tone of voice Words

4. Design efforts to overcome the ‘necessary evil’ of technology Automaticity of use Using muscle memory, like touch typing Effortless to use Intelligent interface design Predicting what the user wants But progress has been disappointing, really

5. TIME FOR SOMETHING DIFFERENT ?

6. What about introducing a third element to the interaction ? Participant 1 Participant 2 Both participants make equal use of the third element

7. What would this third element be ? Not an AAC system Not a replacement for an AAC system Something which both participants used to create engaging and enjoyable communication and interaction It might look a bit like a social networking site, or a game

8. Three challenges (at least) How quickly the AAC user could provide input The preference of a naturally speaking partner to just speak instead The third element seeming contrived and artificial and therefore irrelevant to conversational goals

9. Two recently developed systems could give us a clue CIRCA

10. Communication support system for people with dementia and their carers Both enjoy exploring touchscreen access to reminiscence material Triggers long-term memories in the person with dementia This creates a conversation built on the person’s stories.

11. TALKING MATS A structure for communication to help a person with communication difficulties express their opinions about a subject

12. Language as a game, with rules The limits of my language means the limits of my world Ludwig Wittgenstein

13. Examples of language interaction rules Be relevant No silences Equal turns at talking How to force someone to speak after you : Finish your remarks and look straight at them There are interesting cultural differences in the rules : e.g. in the UK conversation is like a tennis match whereas in Japan it is like bowling

14. New language interaction rules for AAC ? We already have two : Everyone need not contribute equal talk to a conversation Long silences do not convey a negative emotion A focus group of AAC users has experimented successfully with another one : Suspend the rule on turn-taking (everyone communicates in parallel)

15. What kind of a new language game could we have ? Two or more people Touchscreen or switch input Touchscreen gives them access to... ?

16. What would the purpose of the interaction be ? Could be : (1)Spend some enjoyable time together Kurt Vonnegut (censored slightly) We are here on Earth to mess around, and don't let anybody tell you different. (2)Give participants a chance to express their personality If other people are going to talk, conversation becomes impossible. (James Whistler ) (Both are key goals of all conversational interaction generally)

17. Social media sites Single photos Photo albums Text Music Video clips Links Dialogues with others Individuals Groups you are a member of Other web pages

18. Who might come up with ideas for such a system ? AAC users Friends and families of AAC users AAC professionals AAC companies AAC researchers But also : Computer games designers Social networking sites designers