1. Adaptive Processes Project Management Body of Knowledge - 2000

2. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 2 What is a Project? A project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service. Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end. Unique means that the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all other products or services. Operations and projects differ primarily in that operations are ongoing and repetitive while projects are temporary and unique.

3. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 3 What is Project Management? Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to achieve project requirements. Key phases: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Controlling and Closing The work typically involves: –competing demands for: scope, time, cost, risk and quality –stakeholders with differing needs and expectations –identified requirements

4. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 4 Project Management Relationship to other management disciplines Relationship to other management disciplines –General management encompasses planning, organizing, staffing, executing, and controlling the operations of an ongoing enterprise. –Application areas are categories of projects that have common elements of significance in such projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Related endeavors –Programs: A program is a group of projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually. –Subprojects: Projects are frequently divided into more manageable components or subprojects. –Project portfolio management: Project portfolio management refers to the selection and support of projects or program investments

5. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 5 Project Management Context Project phases and the project life cycle –Divide and rule approach –Phase marked by completion of certain deliverables Project Life Cycle Characteristics over project life cycle –Staffing –Risk –Stakeholders’ ability to influence the project

6. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 6 Project Stakeholders Project stakeholders –Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project execution or project completion; they may also exert influence over the project and its results. –Key stakeholders are: Project Manager, Customer, Performing organization, project team members, and sponsor – In general, differences between or among stakeholders should be resolved in favor of customer. This does not, however, mean that the needs and expectations of other stakeholders can or should be disregarded.

7. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 7 Organizational Influence

8. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 8 Key General Management Skills General management is a broad subject dealing with every aspect of managing an ongoing enterprise –Finance and accounting –Strategic planning –Organizational structures –Managing work relationships –Managing oneself

9. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 9 Key Project Management Skills Leading –Managing is primarily concerned with “consistently producing key results expected by stakeholders”, while leading involves –Establishing direction – developing both a vision of the future and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision –Aligning people – communicating the vision by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed to achieve the vision –Motivating and inspiring – helping people energize themselves to overcome political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers to change –Needed at all levels of the project

10. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 10 Key Project Management Skills Communicating –Involves exchange of information Negotiating Problem Solving Influencing the organization

11. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 11 Social-Economical-Environmental Influences Standards and regulations Internationalization Cultural influences Social-Economical-Environmental sustainability

12. Adaptive Processes Project Management Processes Chapter 3

13. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 13 Process Groups Initiating processes –Authorizing the project or phase Planning processes –Defining and refining objectives and selecting the best of the alternative courses of action to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to address Executing processes –Coordinating people and other resources to carry out the plan Controlling processes –Ensuring the project objectives are met by monitoring and measuring progress regularly to identify variance from plan so that corrective action can be taken when necessary Closing process –Formalizing acceptance of the project or phase and bringing it to an orderly end

14. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 14 Process Groups

15. Adaptive Processes © Adaptive Processes Simpler, Faster, Better 15 Core Processes Core processes – Some planning processes have clear dependencies that require them to be performed in essentially the same order on most projects. Scope planning Scope definition Activity definition Activity sequencing Activity duration estimating Risk management planning Resource planning Cost estimating Cost budgeting Project plan development