1. 1 電動車電池及電動車發展現況 南台科技大學機械系 胡龍豪

2. 2  Introduction to Lithium Ion battery Electrochemical Mechanism :Materials : Cathode : Li ion storage Anode : Li ion accommodation Electrolyte : Media for Li ion transport Separator : Cathode and Anode separated NCU_130225_Hu

3. Introduction to Lithium Ion Battery 3 Industrial Chain of LIB Materials (Cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator, etc.) 單電芯 (Battery Cell) 電池模組設計 (Module Design) 電池管理系統 (BMU or BMS) 封裝 (PACK) System 可靠度驗證 : Reliability test:3-axis vibration (ISO 12405) 熱應力分析 : Thermal stress analysis 結構分析 : Structural analysis 冷卻系統設計 : Cooling system design

4. 4 Introduction to Lithium Ion Battery Cell Types Cylindrical Cell :18650 Prismatic cell Coin cell

5. 5 Module and Pack Module : Cell connection in series or parallel, BMS Pack : Sensors, Protection, Thermal management

6.  Development and Trend of LIB. MaterialsCell Module (BMS) Pack (BMS) CathodeAnode LiFePO 4 Aleees, Tatung, HIROSE Chinese companies LiMnO 2 SDI LGC LiCoO2 Targray NMC 戶田工業 Graphite China Steel Chemical, Longtime Longtime, MCMB Osaka gas Lithium Titanate Ener 1 (Kr) SDI (Kr) LCG (Kr) Sony (JP) Sanyo/Panasonic(JP) A123 (US) Dow-Kokem(US) ATL(CN) Lishan Miles (CN) E-one_Moli cell (TW) BYD (CN) UER tech (TW) LICO (TW) SIMPLO (TW) Dynapack (TW) …… Ener 1 (Kr) A123 (US) Dow- Kokem(US) ATL(CN) Lishan Miles (CN) BYD (CN) …… Ener 1 (Kr) A123 (US) Dow- Kokem(US) ATL(CN) Lishan Miles (CN) BYD (CN) Delta (TW) …… 3C products Electrical Vehicle  Luxgen, Honda, Nissan, Toyota, BYD, Mitsubish, GM, Ford, Volvo, BMW etc… Storage system 6

7.  The advantages of LIB compared to NiMH High gravimetric Energy density Low internal resistance Long cycle life Fast Charging rate Low self discharge High Voltage High Cost (The only drawback) 7 Target

8. 8

9.  WHY LIB ? Most use for HEV/PHEV New potential for EV 9 Most use for 3C The only drawback is high cost

10. 10

11. 11 Yoshio Ukyo We are still here

12. 12 Yoshio Ukyo Energy Density Power Density

13. 13  EV/E-Bus and the Market The design of E-Bus battery module and pack.

14. 14 Introduction to Lithium Ion Battery Ansys Analysis of Structure

15. 15 Vibration test of E-Bus battery module (Based on ISO 12405)

16. 40 C 3 min. 42 C 6 min. 47 C 9 min. 50 C 15 min. Thermal management and PCM(Phase transfer Material) 2C Discharge @ 35 ℃ environment, not reach equilibrium 16 PCM : not for heat dissipation but maintain the heat inside. Data from ARTC

17. Charge/Discharge test 17 Thermal image while T1 is 54.74 ℃ The temperature is saturated at 60℃

18. 18 Tesla Model S, Roadster, Chevy, and Prius Images from greenoptimistic.com Tesla Roaster Image from Zmotoring.com

19. 19 Swapping Station Concept One Super Electric Car, Rimac  Videos

20.  Advanced Cathode Materials The objectives : High gravimetric Energy density Low internal resistance Long cycle life Fast Charging rate (High C-rate) Low self discharge High Voltage High Cost (The only drawback) 20

21. 21 Olive Structure: 1D Good : Safety and Stable Bad: Low potential LiFePO4~3.3V Spinel Structure:3D Good : High voltage Bad : Easy to explode LiMn2O4 or LiCoO3~3.7V Different Structures of Cathode Materials

22. 22 L.H. Hu et.al Graphene Modified LiFePO 4 Cathode for Lithium Ion Battery beyond Theoretical Capacity (Nature Comm.) (a) (b) ECG LFP particle Test condition: CC-CV mode (CV @ 3.8V till 0.05C) Voltage range : 2.0V~3.8V Ambient environment. CR 2032 coin cell Anode: Lithium foil Theoretical capacity of LiFePO4 (LFP):170mAh/g SEM micrographs of EC-Graphene wrapped Lithium iron phosphate (ECG/LFP ) ECG: electrochemically exfoliated graphene Graphene/LiFePO 4

23. 23  Charging and Discharging profile of First cycle @ 0.1C Energy density enhanced from 500 Wh/Kg to 700 Wh/Kg or even higher Specific Capacity enhanced from 150 mAh/g to 200mAh/g or even higher 100% coulombic efficiency at first cycle

24. 24 High C-rate performance and mechanisms Possible Mechanism for excess capacity: Major capacity from Redox reaction with EC-graphene

25. 25  Cycle life at continuous test w/o rest High conc. of ECG on LFP

26. 26 Plate-like V2O5 cathode material The morphologies of vanadium oxide can be easily modified by controlling the pH. Pushpendra et.al Plate-like V2O5 flake for hig performance cathode material for lithium ion battery submitted to EES

27. 27 Crystalline structures of vanadium oxide The XRD pattern shows that the crystalline structures of these three samples remain as pure V2O5 A right shift and broaden FWHM from small angle XRD shows a bigger Interplanar distance of Plate and Rod like V2O5. Based on the Shererr equation, Plate-like structure has the smallest crystalline Size.

28. 28 Electrochemical Test : 1.75V~4V