1. Chemistry Project: Acids and alkalis Other details Experiment Results Web Site ‘s version The aim of the project: To know more the details of alkalis and acids.

2. Group member Lee Keng Ho (21) Lee Ho (20) Lam Chung Wai (14) Wong Kin Sang (38) Chan Shing Ho (6) LAM Ka Shing (16)

3. What is soil? Involves many nutrients and nature chemicals. To provide the nutrients for helping grow plants.

4. Experiment 1: Testing the soil ~ beaker (-to store the water and soil to test the alkalis and acids) ~ glass rod (use to stir the liquid) ~ soil (main substance in the experiment) ~ water (to dissolve the acids by the soil) ~ pH paper (test the alkalis and acids)

5. Experiment 1: Testing the soil Step 1: Drop some soil in to the beaker. Step 2: Use the glass rod to stir the soil and water in the beaker. Step 3: Put pH paper into the beaker to test the alkalis and acids.

6. Experiment 1: Testing the soil The figure of making the experiment.

7. Experiment 1: Testing the soil Results: The pH value of the soil is : That means the soil ia neutral state. The ph colour is orange.

8. Experiment 1: Testing the soil Main Details Of Acids Base: pH paper pH 1 ~ very strong acids pH 2-6 ~ weak acids pH 7 ~ neutral pH 8-13 ~ weak alkali pH 14 ~ very strong alkali

9. What is the main use of fertilizer (1) Be a refractory material. (2) Be nutrient in plant. (3) Be an additive into the forage of domestic animal. (4).Used to prevent fire with paper nad wooden things.

10. What is the advantage of fertilizer? To Get a good condition in soil to let plants grow it’s best! To recruit the leakage of the soil.

11. What is the weaknesses of fertilizer? Make dirty in water. Some of chemicals may damage the sir.

12. Experiment 2: Making fertilizer Procedure: Step 1: Place about 10cm of ammonia solution in a conical flask. Step 2: Add 2-3 drops of indicator solution ( methyl orange)./ Add pH paper Step 3: Fill a burette with a sulphuric acid.

13. Experiment 2: Making fertilizer Procedure: Step 4: Slowly add the acid to the conical flask until the indicator changes colour from yellow to red.(if we use the pH paper, it changes colour from blue to red ) Step 5: Repeat, using the same volumes of alkali and acid but without any indicator. Step 6: Place some of the neutral solution in the evaporating basin. Heat gently to evaporate the solution.

14. Experiment 2: Making fertilizer Procedure: Step 7: Collect the solid into the test tube.

15. Experiment 2: Making fertilizer Results: The apperance of fertilizer is prersent. It ‘s a white solid. The apperance of fertilizer is prersent. It ‘s a white solid.

16. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography apparatus: Plant material ( the leaves of your growing plant) Extraction solvent (acetone / petroleum) 1:1 Developing solvent (acetone / petroleum) 1:9

17. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Step 1: Prepare strips of chromatography paper of the right width so that each can be hung freely in a boiling tube without touching the wall. The length of the paper should be trimmed according to the level of solvent to be put into each boiling tube. Step 2: mark an origin for spotting on the paper about 2cm from the lower edge of the paper.

18. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Step 3: Transfer appropriate amount of the developing solvent into the boiling tube ( a depth of not more than 1.5cm ). Stopper them for equilibrium. Step 4: preparation of pigment extract:. Wash leaves and blot dry.. Cut leaves into small segments and put into a mortar.. Grind the tissue in the extraction solvent with a pestle to extract the pigments.

19. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Step 5: By means of a capillary tube spot the extract onto the origin marked on the paper strip and allow it to dry. Step 6: Repeat the spotting and drying processes obtain a small area of concentrated leaf extract.

20. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Step 7: Pin the paper onto the lower surface of the cork and insert the paper into the boiling tube. The solvent should cover the lower end of the paper but without touching the spot. Step 8: Allow the chromatogram to develop until the solvent front has moved up for 10cm or more.

21. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Step 9: Take out the chromatogram, mark the solvent front and allow the chromatogram to dry in air. Step 10: Use pencil to circle each spot. Step 11: Identify the pigments by their colors on the chromatogram.

22. Experiment 3: Extraction and separation of leaf pigments by paper chromatography Results: The color of pigments change from yellow to pale green.

23. Question: Are there any other way to test acids? hair ________

24. Web Site of our Project: http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/chemist ry1/index1.html