2. The Alimentary Canal - the one way passageway for food / nutrients / waste

4. Human Alimentary Canal Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

5. Mouth True digestive organ physical & chemical digestion Salivary Amylase breaks carbohydrates into disaccharides/maltose contains teeth, tongue, soft & hard palate to help with physical digestion food is ingested

7. Salivary Glands Accessory Organs produce salivary amylase –sublingual –submandibular –parotids

8. Pharynx aka. The throat True digestive organ no physical or chemical digestion occurs here hooks in with the respiratory system

9. Esophagus True digestive organ no physical or chemical digestion occurs here food considered a BOLUS - wet ball of chewed food PERISTALSIS starts here - wavelike contractions of the tube that moves the foodstuff along the alimentary canal

10. Stomach Very muscular organ that participates in both physical & chemical digestion true digestive organ lined with thick protective mucous the enzyme pepsinogen activates in the acid conditions in the stomach and becomes pepsin

11. pepsin digests the proteins into groups of 2 amino acids cardiac sphincter valve is at the top and the pyloric valve is between the stomach & small intestine the bolus is now considered chyme

12. Small Intestine True digestive organ chemical digestion is completed here contains 3 main portions –duodenum first 10 cm of small intestine –jejunum next 2 ½ meters –ileum last 4 meters

13. the role of the small intestine is threefold 1. Finish digestion 2. Absorb nutrients 3. Storage contains villi for absorption of nutrients

15. Small Intestine Enzyme Action Common bile duct hooks into duodenum this hooks up to the pancreas and gallbladder pancreatic juice & bile is secreted is secreted through this BILE & bile salts- emulsifies the fat - breaks into smaller droplets

16. Pancreatic Juice contains: –sodium bicarbonate / to neutralize the acid from the stomach –lipase / breaks fats into fatty acids & glycerol –trypsinogen in changed into trypsin in the si. Environment and digests the dipeptides into single amino acids –pancreatic amylase finishes carbohydrate digestion by breaking disaccharides into monosacharides

17. Villi Increases the surface area in the small intestine for the maximum nutrient absorption monosaccharides & amino acids are diffused into the capillaries  bloodstream fatty acids & glycerol are absorbed by the lacteal which hooks into the lymphatic system

19. Pancreas Accessory digestive organ produces pancreatic juice which contains pancreatic amylase, sodium bicarbonate, trypsinogen and lipase located under the stomach

20. LIVER –produces bile which breaks up the larger fats GALLBLADDER –stores the bile until needed

21. Large Intestine True digestive organ, but digestion is all done by now!!! The function is to absorb water & minerals at the junction of the small & large intestine is the appendix

22. there are 5 portions of the large intestine –ascending colon –transverse colon –descending colon –sigmoid colon –rectum which ends in the anal sphincter

23. methane in is a normal bi-product and in combination with e. coli bacteria produce flatulence

24. At this point the waste products are referred to as feces CONSTIPATION - waste sits in large intestine too long and the stool becomes too hard and is difficult to evacuate DIARRHEA - waste does not sit in the large intestine long enough and not enough water is absorbed  producing a watery stool

26. Hormones of the Digestive System GASTRIN - –cells of the stomach secrete into bloodstream –triggers cells of stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid so pepsinogen converts to pepsin SECRETIN - –when food enters the small intestine –secreted by the cells of si. Into the bloodstream –triggers pancreas to make pancreatic juice